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[3]: 268 The oldest immersed tube in Europe is the Maastunnel in Rotterdam, which opened in 1942. [4] The Marmaray Tunnel, connecting the European and Asian sides of Istanbul, Turkey, is the world's deepest immersed tunnel at 55 metres (180 ft) below sea level; [5] it is the first rail link crossing the straits. Construction began in 2004 and ...
The tunnel, which will be 18 kilometers (11.1 miles) long, is one of Europe’s largest infrastructure projects, with a construction budget of over 7 billion euros ($7.1 billion).
Construction started in March 2015. Together with the already constructed Inntal Tunnel it will form the world's longest continuous railway tunnel with 64 km. [97] [98] Metro Thomson–East Coast Line: MRT, Singapore 43,000 m (26.719 mi) 2024 Excluding planned extension Railway Yigong tunnel: Tibet, China 42,500 m (26.408 mi) [99] 2030
An immersed tunnel is planned for the Fehmarn Belt. At 17.6 km (10.9 mi), it will be the longest ever constructed, surpassing the current largest immersed tube tunnel, which spans 6.75 km (4.19 mi) across the Pearl River Estuary in China as part of the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge.
The Marmaray Tunnel was opened to passenger traffic on 29 October 2013. In March 2019 the overground part of the Marmaray project were completed and normal train traffic, including commuter (entire line), YHT and freight services started to run through the tunnel. The tunnel is the deepest immersed tube tunnel in the world.
The tube has a maximum depth of 135 feet (41 m) below sea level. Built using the immersed tube technique, the Transbay tube was constructed on land in 57 sections, transported to the site, and then submerged and fastened to the bottom – primarily by packing its sides with sand and gravel. [3]
The longest underwater road tunnel in the world Arlberg: Austria (Vorarlberg - Tyrol) 13.972 km (8.7 mi) 1978 1 S16/E60 "World's longest tunnel" 1979 - 1980: Xishan Tunnel: China 13.654 km (8.5 mi) 2012 [25] 2 S56 Shanxi Taiyuan-Gujiao Expressway Left tube:13.654 m, right tube:13.570 m New Erlangshan Tunnel [26] China
Mawan Tunnel China 6.280 km (3.902 mi) 2024 2 Mawan Cross-sea Corridor Jiuling Tunnel China 6.264 km (3.892 mi) 2026 2 G59 12 Fangxian-Wufeng Expressway: Helinyakou Tunnel China 6.260 km (3.9 mi) 2024 2 China National Highway G341: Ma'anshan Tunnel China 6.252 km (3.885 mi) 2025 2