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Since New Zealand was the last major landmass to be settled by humans, anthropological changes are easier to study than in countries with a longer human history. A picture of the vegetation cover has been built up through the use of archeological and fossil remains, especially pollen grains from old forests. [1]
Forestry in New Zealand has a history starting with European settlement in the 19th century and is now an industry worth seven percent [citation needed] of annual revenue. Much of the original native forest cover was burnt off and logged, however forests have been extensively planted, predominantly with fast-growing cultivars of the Monterey Pine.
Rates and causes of deforestation vary from region to region around the world. In 2009, ... In the 800 years of human occupation of New Zealand, 75% of the forests ...
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New Zealand has thirteen national parks, forty four marine reserves and many other protected areas for the conservation of biodiversity.The introduction of many invasive species is threatening the indigenous biodiversity, since the geographical isolation of New Zealand led to the evolution of plants and animals that did not have traits to protect against predation.
New Zealand's forest ecosystems for example are being considered as the second most endangered of the world, with only 7% of the natural habitat remaining. [12] A male brown kiwi. Eighty per cent of New Zealand's biota is endemic. New Zealand's biodiversity exhibits high levels of endemism, both in its flora and fauna.
The New Zealand government, through the Department of Conservation, works aggressively to protect what remains of New Zealand's biological heritage. It has pioneered work on island restoration where offshore islands are systematically cleared of introduced species such as goats, feral cats and rats.
The various species dominate in different areas of New Zealand. Radiata pine ( Pinus radiata ) is used for 90% of the plantation forests in New Zealand [ 3 ] and some of the wilding conifer is a result of these forests.