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Goodsall's rule relates the external opening (in the perianal skin) of an anal fistula to its internal opening (in the anal canal). It states that if the perianal skin opening is posterior to the transverse anal line, the fistulous tract will open into the anal canal in the midline posteriorly, sometimes taking a curvilinear course.
Internal anal fissures stretching from anal verge till dentate line in adults on anterior side, posterior side or within any part of the inner circumference of the anal sphincter muscle can be diagnosed with a beak proctoscope of 23 mm diameter, a Hill Ferguson retractor of 23 mm diameter, a Park anal retractor or by digital rectal examination ...
The cerebellar vermis (from Latin vermis, "worm") is located in the medial, cortico-nuclear zone of the cerebellum, which is in the posterior fossa of the cranium. The primary fissure in the vermis curves ventrolaterally to the superior surface of the cerebellum, dividing it into anterior and posterior lobes.
The posterior median sulcus of medulla oblongata (or posterior median fissure or dorsal median sulcus) is a narrow groove; and exists only in the closed part of the medulla oblongata; it becomes gradually shallower from below upward, and finally ends about the middle of the medulla oblongata, where the central canal expands into the cavity of the fourth ventricle.
The risk of severe tear is greatly increased if the fetal head is oriented occiput posterior (face forward), if the mother has not given birth before or if the fetus is large. [ 8 ] A surgical incision on the perineum skin called an episiotomy was historically used routinely in order to reduce perineal tears. [ 9 ]
Second branchial cleft cysts - These account for 90 to 95% of the neck cysts. Anterior to sternocleidomastoid muscle, posterior to submandibular gland, lateral to carotid sheath. They are medial to the facial nerve at the anterior neck and above the hyoid bone. Skin pit can be found in this location.
The cyst needs to be grossly symmetrical in the palate's midline. [7] A cyst cannot be connected to a non-vital tooth or have any communication with an incisive canal. [7] It should be ovoid or round radiographically. [7] Histologically, the cyst wall should not have hyaline cartilage, large vascular spaces, or salivary glands. [7]
Afferents of the lobe are the vestibulocerebellar fibers arising from either the vestibular nuclei or the vestibular nerve/ganglion directly.. Vestibular organs → vestibular nerve/vestibular ganglion first-order fibers (→ vestibular nuclei (synapse) → second-order fibers) → juxtarestiform body of inferior cerebellar peduncle → (ipsilateral) flocculonodular lobe of cerebellum (synapse ...