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Questions of German American loyalty increased due to events like the German bombing of Black Tom island [98] and the U.S. entering World War I, many German Americans were arrested for refusing allegiance to the U.S. [99] War hysteria led to the removal of German names in public, names of things such as streets, [100] and businesses. [101]
Internment of German resident aliens and German-American citizens occurred in the United States during the periods of World War I and World War II. During World War II, the legal basis for this detention was under Presidential Proclamation 2526 , made by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt under the authority of the Alien Enemies Act .
Kraut is a German word recorded in English from 1918 onwards as a derogatory term for a German, particularly a German soldier during World War I. The term came up after the American entry into World War I, which followed the Turnip Winter and had resulted in the food trade stop for Germany through neutral states. The analogy of this term is the ...
[7] [18] The Bund elected a German-born American citizen Fritz Julius Kuhn as its leader (Bundesführer). [19] Kuhn was a veteran because he served in the Bavarian infantry during World War I and he was also an Alter Kämpfer (old fighter) for the Nazi Party who was granted American citizenship in 1934. Kuhn was initially effective as a leader ...
German-Americans were the largest ethnic contingent to fight for the Union in the American Civil War [citation needed]. More than 200,000 native-born Germans, along with another 250,000 1st-generation German-Americans, served in the Union Army, notably from New York, Wisconsin, and Ohio. Several thousand also fought for the Confederacy.
During the French and Indian War in 1756, Great Britain utilized them by forming the Royal American Regiment, whose enlisted men were principally German colonists. [77] Other Germans immigrated then, including Frederick, Baron de Weissenfels , who settled in New York as a British officer.
German Americans who had fluent German language skills were an important asset to wartime intelligence, and they served as translators and as spies for the United States. [87] The war evoked strong pro-American patriotic sentiments among German Americans, few of whom by then had contacts with distant relatives in the old country. [88] [89] [90]
A civilian internee is a civilian detained by a party to a war for security reasons. Internees are usually forced to reside in internment camps. Historical examples include Japanese American internment and internment of German Americans in the United States during World War II. Japan interned 130,000 Dutch, British, and American civilians in ...