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Lever rule. In chemistry, the lever rule is a formula used to determine the mole fraction (xi) or the mass fraction (wi) of each phase of a binary equilibrium phase diagram. It can be used to determine the fraction of liquid and solid phases for a given binary composition and temperature that is between the liquidus and solidus line.
Maxwell construction. In thermodynamic equilibrium, a necessary condition for stability is that pressure, , does not increase with volume, or molar volume, ; this is expressed mathematically as , where is the temperature. [1] This basic stability requirement, and similar ones for other conjugate pairs of variables, is violated in analytic ...
Mechanical advantage is a measure of the force amplification achieved by using a tool, mechanical device or machine system. The device trades off input forces against movement to obtain a desired amplification in the output force. The model for this is the law of the lever. Machine components designed to manage forces and movement in this way ...
Scheil equation. In metallurgy, the Scheil-Gulliver equation (or Scheil equation) describes solute redistribution during solidification of an alloy. Solidification of a binary Cu Zn alloy, lever rule, with composition of 30% of Zinc in weight, using open version of Computherm Pandat. Solidification -using the Scheil rule - of a binary Cu Zn ...
A Rube Goldberg machine, named after American cartoonist Rube Goldberg, is a chain reaction –type machine or contraption intentionally designed to perform a simple task in an indirect and (impractically) overly complicated way. Usually, these machines consist of a series of simple unrelated devices; the action of each triggers the initiation ...
Eutectic system. A phase diagram for a fictitious binary chemical mixture (with the two components denoted by A and B) used to depict the eutectic composition, temperature, and point. (L denotes the liquid state.) A eutectic system or eutectic mixture (/ juːˈtɛktɪk / yoo-TEK-tik) [1] is a type of a homogeneous mixture that has a melting ...
Hume-Rothery rules. Hume-Rothery rules, named after William Hume-Rothery, are a set of basic rules that describe the conditions under which an element could dissolve in a metal, forming a solid solution. There are two sets of rules; one refers to substitutional solid solutions, and the other refers to interstitial solid solutions.
A two component diagram with components A and B in an "ideal" solution is shown. The construction of a liquid vapor phase diagram assumes an ideal liquid solution obeying Raoult's law and an ideal gas mixture obeying Dalton's law of partial pressure. A tie line from the liquid to the gas at constant pressure would indicate the two compositions ...