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Decreased exposure of the skin to sunlight is a common cause of vitamin D deficiency. [1] People with a darker skin pigment with increased amounts of melanin may have decreased production of vitamin D. [3] Melanin absorbs ultraviolet B radiation from the sun and reduces vitamin D production. [3] Sunscreen can also reduce vitamin D production. [3]
Exposure of skin to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight presents both positive and negative health effects. On the positive side, UV exposure enables the synthesis of vitamin D3, which is essential for bone health [1] and potentially plays a role in inhibiting certain cancers. [2][3] While vitamin D can also be obtained through dietary ...
Newborn screening programs initially used screening criteria based largely on criteria established by JMG Wilson and F. Jungner in 1968. [6] Although not specifically about newborn population screening programs, their publication, Principles and practice of screening for disease proposed ten criteria that screening programs should meet before being used as a public health measure.
A diet insufficient in vitamin D, combined with inadequate sunlight exposure, can lead to vitamin D deficiency, which is defined as a blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D or 25(OH)D level below 12 ng/mL (30 nmol/liter). Vitamin D insufficiency, on the other hand, is characterized by a blood 25(OH)D level between 12–20 ng/mL (30–50 nmol/liter).
Cholecalciferol, also known as vitamin D 3 or colecalciferol, is a type of vitamin D that is produced by the skin when exposed to UVB light; it is found in certain foods and can be taken as a dietary supplement. [3] Cholecalciferol is synthesised in the skin following sunlight exposure. [4]
Low maternal vitamin B 12, defined as serum concentration less than 148 pmol/L, increases the risk of miscarriage, newborn low birth weight and preterm birth. [ 36 ] [ 34 ] During pregnancy the placenta concentrates B 12 , so that newborn infants have a higher serum concentration than their mothers. [ 33 ]
Ultraviolet radiation and vitamin D. An inverse association between exposure to the sun and upper respiratory tract infections was first proposed in 1926 by Smiley, who theorized that seasonality of infection was caused by “disordered vitamine metabolism in the human...directly due to a lack of solar radiation during the dark months of winter
Vitamin D and neurological disorders. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders including dementia, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. There are several proposed mechanisms by which hypovitaminosis D may impact these disorders. One of these mechanisms is through neuronal apoptosis ...