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  2. RNA splicing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_splicing

    Diagram illustrating the two-step biochemistry of splicing. Spliceosomal splicing and self-splicing involve a two-step biochemical process. Both steps involve transesterification reactions that occur between RNA nucleotides. tRNA splicing, however, is an exception and does not occur by transesterification. [25]

  3. Ribozyme - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribozyme

    Ribozyme. 3D structure of a hammerhead ribozyme. Ribozymes (ribo nucleic acid en zyme s) are RNA molecules that have the ability to catalyze specific biochemical reactions, including RNA splicing in gene expression, similar to the action of protein enzymes. The 1982 discovery of ribozymes demonstrated that RNA can be both genetic material (like ...

  4. Circular RNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_RNA

    Alternative splicing is a phenomenon through which one RNA transcript can yield different protein products based on which segments are considered "introns" and "exons" during a splicing event. [5] Although not specific to humans, it is a partial explanation for the fact that humans and other much simpler species (such as nematodes) have similar ...

  5. Group I catalytic intron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_I_catalytic_intron

    Splicing of group I introns is processed by two sequential transesterification reactions. [3] First an exogenous guanosine or guanosine nucleotide (exoG) docks onto the active G-binding site located in P7, and then its 3'-OH is aligned to attack the phosphodiester bond at the "upstream" (closer to the 5' end) splice site located in P1, resulting in a free 3'-OH group at the upstream exon and ...

  6. History of RNA biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_RNA_biology

    Nuclear pre-mRNA introns and spliceosome-associated snRNAs show similar structural features to self-splicing group II introns. In addition, the splicing pathway of nuclear pre-mRNA introns and group II introns shares a similar reaction pathway. These similarities have led to the hypothesis that these molecules may share a common ancestor. [29]

  7. RNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA

    Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule that is essential for most biological functions, either by performing the function itself (non-coding RNA) or by forming a template for the production of proteins (messenger RNA). RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are nucleic acids. The nucleic acids constitute one of the four major ...

  8. Alternative splicing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_splicing

    Alternative splicing produces three protein isoforms. Protein A includes all of the exons, whereas Proteins B and C result from exon skipping. Alternative splicing, or alternative RNA splicing, or differential splicing, is an alternative splicing process during gene expression that allows a single gene to produce different splice variants.

  9. Intron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intron

    Self-splicing group I introns that are removed by RNA catalysis; Self-splicing group II introns that are removed by RNA catalysis; Group III introns are proposed to be a fifth family, but little is known about the biochemical apparatus that mediates their splicing. They appear to be related to group II introns, and possibly to spliceosomal ...