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  2. Graffito of Esmet-Akhom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graffito_of_Esmet-Akhom

    The Graffito of Esmet-Akhom, also known by its designation Philae 436 or GPH 436, is the last known ancient Egyptian inscription written in Egyptian hieroglyphs, carved on 24 August 394 AD. The inscription, carved in the temple of Philae in southern Egypt, was created by a priest named Nesmeterakhem (or Esmet-Akhom) [a] and consists of a carved ...

  3. Pyramid Texts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid_Texts

    The Pyramid Texts are the oldest ancient Egyptian funerary texts, dating to the late Old Kingdom. They are the earliest known corpus of ancient Egyptian religious texts. [1][2] Written in Old Egyptian, the pyramid texts were carved onto the subterranean walls and sarcophagi of pyramids at Saqqara from the end of the Fifth Dynasty, and ...

  4. Egyptian hieroglyphs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs

    Egyptian hieroglyphs (/ ˈhaɪroʊˌɡlɪfs / HY-roh-glifs) [ 1 ][ 2 ] were the formal writing system used in Ancient Egypt for writing the Egyptian language. Hieroglyphs combined ideographic, logographic, syllabic and alphabetic elements, with more than 100 distinct characters. [ 3 ][ 4 ] Cursive hieroglyphs were used for religious literature ...

  5. Ancient Egyptian literature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_literature

    Ancient Egyptian literature has been preserved on a wide variety of media. This includes papyrus scrolls and packets, limestone or ceramic ostraca, wooden writing boards, monumental stone edifices and coffins. Texts preserved and unearthed by modern archaeologists represent a small fraction of ancient Egyptian literary material.

  6. Decipherment of ancient Egyptian scripts - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decipherment_of_ancient...

    The writing systems used in ancient Egypt were deciphered in the early nineteenth century through the work of several European scholars, especially Jean-François Champollion and Thomas Young. Ancient Egyptian forms of writing, which included the hieroglyphic, hieratic and demotic scripts, ceased to be understood in the fourth and fifth ...

  7. Nekhen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekhen

    Horus cult center. or. nḫn [6] in hieroglyphs. Nekhen was the center of the cult of a hawk deity, Horus of Nekhen, which raised one of the most ancient Egyptian temples in this city. It retained its importance as the cultic center for this divine patron of the kings long after the site had otherwise declined.

  8. Rosetta Stone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosetta_Stone

    Rosetta Stone. The Rosetta Stone is a stele of granodiorite inscribed with three versions of a decree issued in 196 BC during the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt, on behalf of King Ptolemy V Epiphanes. The top and middle texts are in Ancient Egyptian using hieroglyphic and Demotic scripts, respectively, while the bottom is in Ancient Greek.

  9. Transliteration of Ancient Egyptian - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transliteration_of_Ancient...

    Transliteration of Ancient Egyptian. As used for Egyptology, transliteration of Ancient Egyptian is the process of converting (or mapping) texts written as Egyptian language symbols to alphabetic symbols representing uniliteral hieroglyphs or their hieratic and demotic counterparts. This process facilitates the publication of texts where the ...