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Average daily dietary energy consumption per capita in kilojoules [9]; Region 1961 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2018 Africa: 7,680 8,080 8,520 8,800 9,280
The calorie is a unit of energy that originated from the caloric theory of heat. [ 1 ][ 2 ] The large calorie, food calorie, dietary calorie, or kilogram calorie is defined as the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one liter of water by one degree Celsius (or one kelvin). [ 1 ][ 3 ] The small calorie or gram calorie is defined as ...
The Harris–Benedict equation (also called the Harris-Benedict principle) is a method used to estimate an individual's basal metabolic rate (BMR).. The estimated BMR value may be multiplied by a number that corresponds to the individual's activity level; the resulting number is the approximate daily kilocalorie intake to maintain current body weight.
Introduction in the United Kingdom. In 1991, the United Kingdom Department of Health published the Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom. This records Dietary Reference Values which recommended nutritional intakes for the UK population. The DRVs can be divided into three types: [1][2]
Based on the work of Atwater, it became common practice to calculate energy content of foods using 4 kcal/g for carbohydrates and proteins and 9 kcal/g for lipids. [2] The system was later improved by Annabel Merrill and Bernice Watt of the USDA, who derived a system whereby specific calorie conversion factors for different foods were proposed. [3]
A caloric deficit (also known as calorie deficit, in British English calorific deficit) is any shortage in the number of calories consumed relative to the number of calories needed for maintenance of current body weight (energy homeostasis). A deficit can be created by decreasing calories consumed by lower food intake, such as by swapping high ...