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A commonly used surrogate marker for the estimation of creatinine clearance is the Cockcroft–Gault (CG) formula, which in turn estimates GFR in ml/min: [22] It is named after the scientists, the asthmologist Donald William Cockcroft (b. 1946) and the nephrologist Matthew Henry Gault (1925–2003), who first published the formula in 1976, and ...
The above formula only applies for GFR calculation when it is equal to the Clearance Rate. The normal range of GFR, adjusted for body surface area , is 100–130 average 125 (mL/min)/(1.73 m 2 ) in men and 90–120 (mL/min)/(1.73 m 2 ) in women younger than the age of 40.
Formulas such as the Cockcroft and Gault formula and the MDRD formula (see Renal function) try to adjust for these variables. Cystatin C has a low molecular weight (approximately 13.3 kilodaltons), and it is removed from the bloodstream by glomerular filtration in the kidneys. If kidney function and glomerular filtration rate decline, the blood ...
The Cockcroft–Walton (CW) generator, or multiplier, is an electric circuit that generates a high DC voltage from a low-voltage AC. [1] It was named after the British and Irish physicists John Douglas Cockcroft and Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton, who in 1932 used this circuit design to power their particle accelerator, performing the first artificial nuclear disintegration in history. [2]
Similarly, calculated measurements of renal function (such as the Cockcroft-Gault formula) are unlikely to reflect actual activity of the kidney, as these calculations were developed for patients in whom the circulatory system correlates with the body weight; this relation is lost in a post-hemicorporectomy patient. [citation needed]
In anisotropic media, the diffusion coefficient depends on the direction. It is a symmetric tensor Dji = Dij. Fick's first law changes to it is the product of a tensor and a vector: For the diffusion equation this formula gives The symmetric matrix of diffusion coefficients Dij should be positive definite.
Uremia is the term for high levels of urea in the blood. Urea is one of the primary components of urine. It can be defined as an excess in the blood of amino acid and protein metabolism end products, such as urea and creatinine, which would be normally excreted in the urine. Uremic syndrome can be defined as the terminal clinical manifestation ...
The Dickson multiplier is intended for low-voltage applications, unlike Greinacher/Cockcroft–Walton which is commonly used in high-voltage applications. This is because the final capacitor has to hold the entire output voltage, whereas in the Greinacher/Cockcroft–Walton multiplier, each capacitor holds at most twice the input voltage (thus ...