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A traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as an intracranial injury, is an injury to the brain caused by an external force. TBI can be classified based on severity ranging from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI/concussion) to severe traumatic brain injury. [5] TBI can also be characterized based on mechanism (closed or penetrating head injury ...
A head injury is any injury that results in trauma to the skull or brain. The terms traumatic brain injury and head injury are often used interchangeably in the medical literature. [1] Because head injuries cover such a broad scope of injuries, there are many causes—including accidents, falls, physical assault, or traffic accidents—that can ...
Closed-head injury is a type of traumatic brain injury in which the skull and dura mater remain intact. Closed-head injuries are the leading cause of death in children under 4 years old and the most common cause of physical disability and cognitive impairment in young people. [1][2] Overall, closed-head injuries and other forms of mild ...
Types. Acquired brain injury (ABI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), focal or diffuse, primary and secondary. Brain injury (BI) is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells. Brain injuries occur due to a wide range of internal and external factors. In general, brain damage refers to significant, undiscriminating trauma-induced damage.
Primary and secondary brain injury are ways to classify the injury processes that occur in brain injury. In traumatic brain injury (TBI), primary brain injury occurs during the initial insult, and results from displacement of the physical structures of the brain. [1] Secondary brain injury occurs gradually and may involve an array of cellular ...
Concussion. Acceleration (g-forces) can exert rotational forces in the brain, especially the midbrain and diencephalon. A concussion, also known as a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is a head injury that temporarily affects brain functioning. [9] Symptoms may include loss of consciousness; memory loss; headaches; difficulty with thinking ...
Specialty. Psychiatry, neurology, neuropsychology. Post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) is a state of confusion that occurs immediately following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) in which the injured person is disoriented and unable to remember events that occur after the injury. [1] The person may be unable to state their name, where they are, and what ...
The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) is an ordinal scale used to assess functional outcomes of patients following brain injury. It considers several factors, including a patient's level of consciousness, ability to carry out activities of daily living (ADLs), and ability to return to work or school. The scale provides a structured way to classify ...