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GarCLV main transmission is through propagation material. [5] As a result, it is often widespread among garlic crop. The virus single infection in garlic is usually symptomless, but in mixed infections with leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV, Potyvirus) or onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV, Potyvirus) could form ‘garlic viral complex’ which increases severity of the other viruses infection. [6]
Species: Onion yellow dwarf virus. Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) is a plant virus in the genus Potyvirus that has been identified worldwide and mainly infects species of Allium such as onion, garlic, and leek. [1][2][3][4] The virus causes mild to severe leaf malformation, and bulb reduction up to sixty percent has been observed in garlic. [5]
Vinaigre des quatre voleurs. Four thieves vinegar (also called thieves’ oil, Marseilles vinegar, Marseilles remedy, prophylactic vinegar, vinegar of the four thieves, camphorated acetic acid, vinaigre des quatre voleurs and acetum quator furum [1] [2]) is a concoction of vinegar (either from red wine, white wine, cider, or distilled white) infused with herbs, spices or garlic that was ...
Leveillula taurica is an obligate fungal pathogen, from the phylum Ascomycota, which causes powdery mildew on onion. This disease prefers warm, dry environments. It is rare in the United States, and is currently restricted to western states. Globally, it is also a minor problem with limited occurrences in the Middle East, Europe, and South America.
Bubonic plague is one of three types of plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. [1] One to seven days after exposure to the bacteria, flu-like symptoms develop. [1] These symptoms include fever, headaches, and vomiting, [1] as well as swollen and painful lymph nodes occurring in the area closest to where the bacteria entered the skin. [2]
Stromatinia cepivora. (Berk.) Whetzel (1945) [1] Stromatinia cepivora is a fungus in the division Ascomycota. It is the teleomorph of Sclerotium cepivorum, the cause of white rot in onions, garlic, and leeks. [2] The infective sclerotia remain viable in the soil for many years and are stimulated to germinate by the presence of a susceptible crop.
It may spread between people. [4] Risk factors include contamination of food and water with feces due to poor sanitation. [6] The underlying mechanism involves inflammation of the intestine, especially of the colon. [2] Efforts to prevent dysentery include hand washing and food safety measures while traveling in countries of high risk. [4]
Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by variola virus (often called smallpox virus), which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus. [7] [11] The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (WHO) certified the global eradication of the disease in 1980, [10] making smallpox the only human disease to have been eradicated to date.