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A linear programming problem seeks to optimize (find a maximum or minimum value) a function (called the objective function) subject to a number of constraints on the variables which, in general, are linear inequalities. [6] The list of constraints is a system of linear inequalities.
However, some problems have distinct optimal solutions; for example, the problem of finding a feasible solution to a system of linear inequalities is a linear programming problem in which the objective function is the zero function (i.e., the constant function taking the value zero everywhere).
The feasible regions of linear programming are defined by a set of inequalities. In mathematics, an inequality is a relation which makes a non-equal comparison between two numbers or other mathematical expressions. [1] It is used most often to compare two numbers on the number line by their size.
Third, each unrestricted variable is eliminated from the linear program. This can be done in two ways, one is by solving for the variable in one of the equations in which it appears and then eliminating the variable by substitution. The other is to replace the variable with the difference of two restricted variables.
The "Big M" refers to a large number associated with the artificial variables, represented by the letter M. The steps in the algorithm are as follows: Multiply the inequality constraints to ensure that the right hand side is positive. If the problem is of minimization, transform to maximization by multiplying the objective by −1.
Suppose we have the linear program: Maximize c T x subject to Ax ≤ b, x ≥ 0.. We would like to construct an upper bound on the solution. So we create a linear combination of the constraints, with positive coefficients, such that the coefficients of x in the constraints are at least c T.
A series of linear programming constraints on two variables produce a region of possible values for those variables. Solvable two-variable problems will have a feasible region in the shape of a convex simple polygon if it is bounded. In an algorithm that tests feasible points sequentially, each tested point is in turn a candidate solution.
If the constrained problem has only equality constraints, the method of Lagrange multipliers can be used to convert it into an unconstrained problem whose number of variables is the original number of variables plus the original number of equality constraints. Alternatively, if the constraints are all equality constraints and are all linear ...