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Left ventricular hypertrophy with secondary repolarization abnormalities as seen on ECG Histopathology of (a) normal myocardium and (b) myocardial hypertrophy. Scale bar indicates 50 μm. Gross pathology of left ventricular hypertrophy. Left ventricle is at right in image, serially sectioned from apex to near base.
Left ventricular mass or LVM refers to the mass of the left ventricle of the heart.. Left ventricular mass index or LVMi is LVM divided by body surface area.. LVM is usually estimated using linear measurements obtained from echocardiography, [1] but can also be calculated using CT or MRI images. [2]
In electrocardiography, a strain pattern is a well-recognized marker for the presence of anatomic left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in the form of ST depression and T wave inversion on a resting ECG. [1] It is an abnormality of repolarization and it has been associated with an adverse prognosis in a variety heart disease patients.
LVH may interfere with heart functionality in a number of ways. Before progression to a dilated phenotype, mechanical obstruction of the outflow tract can occur, leading to reduced cardiac output. Additionally, increased fibrosis of the ventricle can result in a failure to relax appropriately which impairs cardiac filling and may lead to ...
It also makes the electrocardiographic diagnosis of LVH more complicated, because both may cause a large R wave in lead aVL. Therefore, to call LVH on an EKG in the setting of an LAHB you should see the presence of a "strain pattern" when you are relying on limb lead criteria to diagnose LVH. [citation needed]
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a form of heart failure in which the ejection fraction – the percentage of the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle with each heartbeat divided by the volume of blood when the left ventricle is maximally filled – is normal, defined as greater than 50%; [1] this may be measured by echocardiography or cardiac catheterization.
An ECG may show left ventricular hypertrophy and signs of left heart strain. [31] Left axis deviation can be a sign of advanced disease. [31] An echocardiogram can be helpful in determining the root cause of the disease, as it will clearly show aortic root dilation or dissection if it exists. [31]
In drug development, serious adverse event (SAE) is defined as any untoward medical occurrence during a human drug trial that at any dose Results in death; Is life-threatening; Requires inpatient hospitalization or causes prolongation of existing hospitalization; Results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity