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Flashlamp, laser diode Used in extremely high-power (terawatt scale), high-energy multiple beam systems for inertial confinement fusion. Nd:Glass lasers are usually frequency tripled to the third harmonic at 351 nm in laser fusion devices. Titanium sapphire (Ti:sapphire) laser 650-1100 nm Other laser Spectroscopy, LIDAR, research.
The Berkeley Lab Laser Accelerator (BELLA) is a laser built by the Thales Group and owned and operated by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] On 20 July 2012, BELLA fired a 40 femtosecond laser pulse , establishing a world record for most powerful laser.
The carbon-dioxide laser (CO 2 laser) was one of the earliest gas lasers to be developed. It was invented by Kumar Patel of Bell Labs in 1964 [1] and is still one of the most useful types of laser. Carbon-dioxide lasers are the highest-power continuous-wave lasers that are currently available.
Laser diodes are also frequently used to optically pump other lasers with high efficiency. The highest-power industrial laser diodes, with power of up to 20 kW, are used in industry for cutting and welding. [75] External-cavity semiconductor lasers have a semiconductor active medium in a larger cavity.
Far-infrared laser or terahertz laser (FIR laser, THz laser) is a laser with output wavelength in between 30 and 1000 μm (frequency 0.3-10 THz), in the far infrared or terahertz frequency band of the electromagnetic spectrum. FIR lasers have application in terahertz spectroscopy, terahertz imaging as well in fusion plasma physics diagnostics.
As the common visible-light laser transitions between electronic or vibrational states correspond to energies up to only about 10 eV, different active media are needed for X-ray lasers. Between 1978 and 1988 in Project Excalibur the U.S. military attempted to develop a nuclear explosion-pumped X-ray laser for ballistic missile defense as part ...
The free-electron laser FELIX Radboud University, Netherlands. A free-electron laser ( FEL ) is a fourth generation light source producing extremely brilliant and short pulses of radiation. An FEL functions much as a laser but employs relativistic electrons as a gain medium instead of using stimulated emission from atomic or molecular excitations.
The laser works by the same principle as the maser, but produces higher-frequency coherent radiation at visible wavelengths. The maser was the precursor to the laser, inspiring theoretical work by Townes and Arthur Leonard Schawlow that led to the invention of the laser in 1960 by Theodore Maiman. When the coherent optical oscillator was first ...