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A 5'→3' (forward) exonuclease activity mediating nick translation during DNA repair. A 5'→3' (forward) RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity. Pol I operates on RNA templates with considerably lower efficiency (0.1–0.4%) than it does DNA templates, and this activity is probably of only limited biological significance. [11]
Since DNA polymerase requires a free 3' OH group for initiation of synthesis, it can synthesize in only one direction by extending the 3' end of the preexisting nucleotide chain. Hence, DNA polymerase moves along the template strand in a 3'–5' direction, and the daughter strand is formed in a 5'–3' direction.
DNA polymerase III synthesizes base pairs at a rate of around 1000 nucleotides per second. [3] DNA Pol III activity begins after strand separation at the origin of replication. Because DNA synthesis cannot start de novo, an RNA primer, complementary to part of the single-stranded DNA, is synthesized by primase (an RNA polymerase): [citation ...
An evolutionary divergence (about 0.25 to 1.2 billion years ago), appears to have been associated with the separation of the DNA polymerase gene function from the 3’ to 5’ exonuclease editing gene function in the lineage that led to E. coli and S. typhimurium.
Frequently used B-type DNA polymerases are the Pfu polymerase, [4] the Pwo polymerase, [17] the KOD polymerase, [3] the Tli polymerase (also called Vent), which originates from various archaea, [18] the Tag polymerase, [19] the Tce polymerase, [20] the Tgo polymerase, [8] the TNA1 polymerase, [21] the Tpe polymerase, [22] the Tthi polymerase ...
The Klenow fragment, derived from the original DNA Polymerase I from E. coli, was the first enzyme used in PCR. Because of its lack of stability at high temperature, it needs be replenished during each cycle, and therefore is not commonly used in PCR. The bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase (family A) was also initially used in PCR. It has a higher ...