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Burnt sienna contains a large proportion of anhydrous iron oxide. It is made by heating raw sienna, which dehydrates the iron oxide, changing it partially to hematite, giving it rich reddish-brown color. [2] The pigment is also known as red earth, red ochre, and terra rossa. On the Color Index International, the pigment is known as PR-102.
Payne's grey is a dark blue-grey colour used in painting. Originally a mixture of iron blue (Prussian blue), yellow ochre and crimson lake, [3] Payne's grey now is often a mixture of blue (ultramarine, phthalocyanine, or indigo) and black, [4] [5] or of ultramarine and burnt sienna.
When calcined (heated) it is referred to as burnt umber and has more intense colors. Raw sienna (PBr7): a naturally occurring yellow-brown pigment from limonite clay. Used in art since prehistoric times.
Raw sienna and burnt sienna are also clay pigments rich in iron oxide, which were mined during the Renaissance around the city of Siena in Tuscany. Sienna contains less than five percent manganese. The natural sienna earth is a dark yellow ochre color; when roasted it becomes a rich reddish brown called burnt sienna. [20]
Raw sienna and burnt sienna came from Siena, Italy, while raw umber and burnt umber came from Umbria. These pigments were among the easiest to synthesize, and chemists created modern colors based on the originals. These were more consistent than colors mined from the original ore bodies, but the place names remained.
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Clay earth pigments such as burnt sienna often have a high lightfastness. Lightfastness is a property of a colourant such as dye or pigment that describes its resistance to fading when exposed to light. [1] [2] [3] Dyes and pigments are used for example for dyeing of fabrics, plastics or other materials and manufacturing paints or printing inks.
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