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The reaction is fastest at the boiling point of the ammonia, c. −33 °C. An electride, [Na(NH 3) 6] + e −, is formed as a reaction intermediate. [4] 2 Na + 2 NH 3 → 2 NaNH 2 + H 2. NaNH 2 is a salt-like material and as such, crystallizes as an infinite polymer. [5] The geometry about sodium is tetrahedral. [6]
However, using an additive such as silver tetrafluoroborate allows the reaction to work on a wider range of substrates, as often seen for alkyl-halide substitutions, or they can be converted first to the corresponding alkyl tosylate. [4] [5] The reaction was initially limited to activated substrates, such as benzylic and α-halo ketones. To ...
In crossed aldol reactions between halo ketones and aldehydes, the initial reaction product is a halohydrin which can subsequently form an oxirane in the presence of base. α-Halo ketones can react with amines to form an α-halo imine, which can be converted back to the parent halo ketone by hydrolysis , so that halo imines may be used as ...
Loss of the remaining halide generates 2-oxyallyl metal complexes, which undergo [4+3] and [3+2] cycloaddition reactions in the presence of dienes or olefins. [1] Isomerization of 2-oxyallyl metal complexes to cyclopropanone and allene oxide forms is rapid and reversible; increasing the covalent character of the oxygen–metal bond favors the 2 ...
The likely reaction mechanism for the Kindler modification. The first stage of the reaction is basic imine formation by the ketone group and the amine group of morpholine to give an enamine. This reacts as a nucleophile with electrophilic sulfur, similar to an Stork enamine alkylation reaction.
The reaction begins with the formation of alkyl/arene-magnesium-halogen compound, followed by addition of proton source to form dehalogenated product. Egorov and his co-workers have reported dehalogenation of benzyl halides using atomic magnesium in 3P state at 600 °C. Toluene and bi-benzyls were produced as the product of the reaction. [9]
Organolithium reagents can serve as nucleophiles and carry out S N 2 type reactions with alkyl or allylic halides. [46] Although they are considered more reactive than Grignard reagents in alkylation, their use is still limited due to competing side reactions such as radical reactions or metal – halogen exchange.
Structure of an η 2-formaldehyde complex. Transition metal complexes of aldehydes and ketones describes coordination complexes with aldehyde (RCHO) and ketone (R 2 CO) ligands. Because aldehydes and ketones are common, the area is of fundamental interest. Some reactions that are useful in organic chemistry involve such complexes.