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Fake news is false or misleading information presented as news. [10] [16] The term as it developed in 2017 is a neologism (a new or re-purposed expression that is entering the language, driven by culture or technology changes). [17]
The Shorenstein Center at Harvard University defines disinformation research as an academic field that studies "the spread and impacts of misinformation, disinformation, and media manipulation," including "how it spreads through online and offline channels, and why people are susceptible to believing bad information, and successful strategies for mitigating its impact". [23]
Misinformation is incorrect or misleading information. [5] [6] Misinformation and disinformation are not interchangeable terms: Misinformation can exist with or without specific malicious intent whereas disinformation is distinct in that the information is deliberately deceptive and propagated.
Fake news websites are those which intentionally, but not necessarily solely, publish hoaxes and disinformation for purposes other than news satire.Some of these sites use homograph spoofing attacks, typosquatting and other deceptive strategies similar to those used in phishing attacks to resemble genuine news outlets.
Thus, the theory has largely been debunked as a reliable explanation for why individuals believe misinformation. Misinformation interventions such as fact-checking and debunking stem from the underlying theory of the information deficit model, as they seek to correct false information with true information. While they may be useful in cases ...
Articles relating to misinformation, false or inaccurate information. [1] Examples of misinformation include false rumors, insults and pranks. This differs from intentional disinformation which includes malicious content such as hoaxes, spear phishing and computational propaganda. [2
Fact-checking can be conducted before or after the text or content is published or otherwise disseminated. Internal fact-checking is such checking done in-house by the publisher to prevent inaccurate content from being published; when the text is analyzed by a third party, the process is called external fact-checking. [1]
The actors sowing disinformation succeed when disinformation circulates in social media as beliefs that cannot be fact-checked. [5]If individuals can be convinced of something that is factually incorrect, they may make decisions that will run counter to the best interests of themselves and those around them.