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A variable is considered dependent if it depends on an independent variable. Dependent variables are studied under the supposition or demand that they depend, by some law or rule (e.g., by a mathematical function), on the values of other variables. Independent variables, in turn, are not seen as depending on any other variable in the scope of ...
Independence is a fundamental notion in probability theory, as in statistics and the theory of stochastic processes.Two events are independent, statistically independent, or stochastically independent [1] if, informally speaking, the occurrence of one does not affect the probability of occurrence of the other or, equivalently, does not affect the odds.
Independent: Each outcome will not affect the other outcome (for from 1 to 10), which means the variables , …, are independent of each other. Identically distributed : Regardless of whether the coin is fair (with a probability of 1/2 for heads) or biased, as long as the same coin is used for each flip, the probability of getting heads remains ...
Therefore, in a formula, a dependent variable is a variable that is implicitly a function of another (or several other) variables. An independent variable is a variable that is not dependent. [23] The property of a variable to be dependent or independent depends often of the point of view and is not intrinsic.
In that model, the random variables X 1, ..., X n are not independent, but they are conditionally independent given the value of p. In particular, if a large number of the X s are observed to be equal to 1, that would imply a high conditional probability , given that observation, that p is near 1, and thus a high conditional probability , given ...
Linear vs. nonlinear. If all the operators in a mathematical model exhibit linearity, the resulting mathematical model is defined as linear. A model is considered to be nonlinear otherwise. The definition of linearity and nonlinearity is dependent on context, and linear models may have nonlinear expressions in them.
An indexed family of vectors is linearly independent if it does not contain the same vector twice, and if the set of its vectors is linearly independent. Otherwise, the family is said to be linearly dependent. A set of vectors which is linearly independent and spans some vector space, forms a basis for that vector space.
Pairwise independent random variables with finite variance are uncorrelated. A pair of random variables X and Y are independent if and only if the random vector ( X , Y ) with joint cumulative distribution function (CDF) F X , Y ( x , y ) {\displaystyle F_{X,Y}(x,y)} satisfies