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The following is a list of the world's oldest surviving physical documents. Each entry is the most ancient of each language or civilization. For example, the Narmer Palette may be the most ancient from Egypt, but there are many other surviving written documents from Egypt later than the Narmer Palette but still more ancient than the Missal of Silos.
hand-written Lord's Prayer, Hail Mary and Creed [169] Katekizmas (1547) by Martynas Mažvydas was the first printed book in Lithuanian. 1517: Belarusian: Psalter of Francysk Skaryna: 1521: Romanian: Neacșu's Letter: Cyrillic orthographic manual of Constantin Kostentschi from 1420 documents earlier written usage. [170]
Private legal documents for the sale of land appeared in Mesopotamia in the early 3rd millennium BC, not long after the appearance of cuneiform writing. [86] The first codes of law were written in Mesopotamia c. 2100 BC, exemplified in the Code of Hammurabi (c. 1750 BC) that was inscribed on stone stelae throughout the Old Babylonian Empire. [87]
Ancient literature comprises religious and scientific documents, tales, poetry and plays, royal edicts and declarations, and other forms of writing that were recorded on a variety of media, including stone, clay tablets, papyri, palm leaves, and metal.
It was written based on prior ancient compilations known as the Atthakatha, which were commentaries written in Sinhala. [10] [page needed] An earlier document known as the Dipavamsa (4th century CE) "Island Chronicles" is much simpler and contains less information than the Mahavamsa and was probably compiled using the Atthakatha on the ...
The Code of Ur-Nammu is the oldest known surviving law code. It is from Mesopotamia and is written on tablets, in the Sumerian language c. 2100–2050 BCE. It contains strong statements of royal power like "I eliminated enmity, violence, and cries for justice." [1]
In ancient China, the first comprehensive criminal code was the Tang Code, created in 624 AD in the Tang Dynasty. The following is a list of ancient legal codes in chronological order: Cuneiform law. The code of law found at Ebla (2400 BC) Code of Urukagina (2380–2360 BC) Code of Ur-Nammu, king of Ur (c. 2050 BC). Copies with slight ...
It is the oldest manuscript bearing the date of its writing; written in Tiberias, subsequently was in Cairo, now deposited at Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Codex Sassoon 1053, 9th or 10th century, from the collection of David Solomon Sassoon, now in the ANU - Museum of the Jewish People in Tel Aviv. (missing first 10 pages of Genesis) [15]