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Focusing on the decades of unrest that precipitated 1989's tumultuous events, Stokes provides a history of the various communist regimes and the opposition movements that brought them down, including the "March Days" and Solidarity, the 1975 Helsinki Accords, Czechoslovakia's Charter 77 opposition movement, and the autocratic policies of ...
Prior to the fall of Communism this was also the border between what was known during the Cold War as "Eastern" and "Western" Europe. The book was reviewed in the Journal of Contemporary European Studies, [7] Eurasian Geography and Economics, [8] Europe-Asia Studies, [9] the Hungarian Geographical Bulletin, [10] and Satori. [11]
They observe that Eurocommunists have always claimed to be different—not only from Soviet communism, but also from social democracy—while in practice they were always very similar to at least one of these two tendencies. As a result, critics argue that Eurocommunism does not have a well-defined identity and cannot be regarded as a separate ...
Communism was decisively defeated in other states, including Malaya and Indonesia. In 1972–1979, there was détente between the Soviet Union and the United States. The fall of Communism in Europe (1980–1992) in which Soviet client states were heavily on the defensive as in Afghanistan and Nicaragua. The United States escalated the conflict ...
The European political landscape changed drastically, with several former Eastern Bloc countries joining NATO and the European Union, resulting in stronger economic and social integration with Western Europe and North America. Many communist and socialist organisations in the West turned their guiding principles over to social democracy and ...
This strategy was later adopted in varying degrees by communist leaders in Eastern Europe and the Third World. For many Western critics of communist strategies of economic development, the unavailability of consumer goods common in the West in the Soviet Union was a case in point of how communist rule resulted in lower standards of living.
"The European Parliament might become an all-European socialist parliament with representation from the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. 'Europe from the Atlantic to the Urals' would turn out to be a neutral, socialist Europe." Collaborating opinions can be found in an archive of classified documents collected by Vladimir Bukovsky, a defector also.
"Anti-socialism" redirects here. For opposition to communism, see Anti-communism. For other uses, see Antisocial (disambiguation). This article is about criticism of socialist economic systems and political movements. For criticism of Communist states, see Criticism of Communist party rule. For criticism of Marxism, a branch of socialism, see Criticism of Marxism. For criticism of social ...