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It is somewhat similar to other genetic connective tissue disorders such as Ehlers–Danlos syndromes. There is a strong association between HSD and neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. [4]
Connective tissue diseases can be classified into two groups: (1) a group of relatively rare genetic disorders affecting the primary structure of connective tissue; and (2) a number of acquired conditions where the connective tissues are the site of multiple, more or less distinct immune and inflammatory reactions.
Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CCA), also known as Beals–Hecht syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant congenital connective tissue disorder. [1] As with Marfan syndrome, people with CCA typically have an arm span that is greater than their height and very long fingers and toes. [2]
High incidences of coexisting inflammatory disorders suggest a correlation between connective tissue disorders and the development of such aforementioned conditions. Inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis [74] and celiac disease [75] are more common in EDS patients when compared to control groups.
Loeys–Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an autosomal dominant genetic connective tissue disorder. It has features similar to Marfan syndrome and Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. [3] [4] [5] The disorder is marked by aneurysms in the aorta, often in children, and the aorta may also undergo sudden dissection in the weakened layers of the wall of the aorta.
CREST syndrome, also known as the limited cutaneous form of systemic sclerosis (lcSSc), is a multisystem connective tissue disorder.The acronym "CREST" refers to the five main features: calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia.
Undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) (also known as latent lupus or incomplete lupus [1]) is a disease in which the connective tissues are targeted by the immune system. It is a serological and clinical manifestation of an autoimmune disease .
Dermatomyositis is a form of systemic connective tissue disorder, a class of diseases that often involves autoimmune dysfunction. [ 12 ] [ 16 ] It has also been classified as an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy , along with polymyositis, necrotizing autoimmune myositis, cancer-associated myositis , and sporadic inclusion body myositis .