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A white dwarf, then, packs mass comparable to the Sun's into a volume that is typically a million times smaller than the Sun's; the average density of matter in a white dwarf must therefore be, very roughly, 1 000 000 times greater than the average density of the Sun, or approximately 10 6 g/cm 3, or 1 tonne per cubic centimetre. [1]
Solving the hydrostatic equation leads to a model white dwarf that is a polytrope of index 3 / 2 – and therefore has radius inversely proportional to the cube root of its mass, and volume inversely proportional to its mass. [8] As the mass of a model white dwarf increases, the typical energies to which degeneracy pressure forces the ...
WD J2147–4035 was once a main-sequence star with a mass of 2.47 ±0.22 M ☉, which had a lifetime of about 500 Myrs. Once the star became an AGB star, it lost mass and became a white dwarf with a mass of 0.69 ±0.02 M ☉. The white dwarf existed for 10.21 ±0.22 Gyrs, meaning the total age is 10.7 ±0.3 Gyrs. [1]
The white dwarf has a mass of 0.6 M ☉, radius of 0.012 R ☉ (1.34 R 🜨) and a temperature of 15,020 K, typical for white dwarf stars. It has been a white dwarf for 224 million years. [6] [10] The star's spectrum includes strong absorption lines due to magnesium, aluminium, silicon, calcium, iron and nickel.
First white dwarf with a planet WD B1620−26: 2003 PSR B1620-26 b (planet) This planet is a circumbinary planet, which circles both stars in the PSR B1620-26 system [6] [7] First singular white dwarf with a transiting object WD 1145+017: 2015 Known object is a disintegrating planetesimal, most likely an asteroid. [8] First white dwarf that is ...
An exoplanet orbits PSR B1620-26 and its white dwarf companion (see below) in a circumbinary orbit. HD 49798: 1,600 White dwarf: One of the smallest white dwarf stars known. [14] ZTF J1901+1458: 1,809 Currently the most massive white dwarf known. [15] Janus: 3,400 A white dwarf with a side of hydrogen and another side of helium. [16] Wolf 1130 ...
This white dwarf started its life as a star about twice the sun's mass, living a lifespan of perhaps 1.2 billion years before entering its death throes. Many white dwarfs have a debris disk ...
After the degenerate star's mass has grown sufficiently that its radius has shrunk to only a few thousand kilometers, the mass will be approaching the Chandrasekhar limit – the theoretical upper limit of the mass of a white dwarf, about 1.4 times the mass of the Sun (M ☉).