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A joint dislocation, also called luxation, occurs when there is an abnormal separation in the joint, where two or more bones meet. [1]
Dislocations of edge (left) and screw (right) type. In materials science, a dislocation or Taylor's dislocation is a linear crystallographic defect or irregularity within a crystal structure that contains an abrupt change in the arrangement of atoms.
A dislocated shoulder is a condition in which the head of the humerus is detached from the glenoid fossa. [2] Symptoms include shoulder pain and instability. [ 2 ] Complications may include a Bankart lesion , Hill-Sachs lesion , rotator cuff tear , or injury to the axillary nerve .
Posterior dislocations is when the femoral head lies posteriorly after dislocation. [5] It is the most common pattern of dislocation accounting for 90% of hip dislocations, [5] and those with an associated fracture are categorized by the Thompson and Epstein classification system, the Stewart and Milford classification system, and the Pipkin system (when associated with femoral head fractures).
Atlanto-occipital dislocation, orthopedic decapitation, or internal decapitation describes ligamentous separation of the spinal column from the skull base. It is possible for a human to survive such an injury; however, 70% of cases result in immediate death .
A patellar dislocation is a knee injury in which the patella (kneecap) slips out of its normal position. [5] Often the knee is partly bent, painful and swollen . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The patella is also often felt and seen out of place. [ 1 ]
Acromioclavicular joint dislocation is a common injury to the shoulder and is occurs most often in athletes. [5] This injury has a higher prevalence in men compared to women and approximately 5 men for every 1 women experience this type of injury. [5] Amongst women, the most common sport that lead to this injury type is cycling. [5]
A knee dislocation is an injury in which there is disruption of the knee joint between the tibia and the femur. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Symptoms include pain and instability of the knee. [ 2 ] Complications may include injury to an artery , most commonly the popliteal artery behind the knee , or compartment syndrome .