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The crowding-out effect may appear either directly or indirectly. Direct crowding-out occurs with the reduction of the physical resources available to the private sector. Indirect crowding-out takes place through an increase in interest rates and prices. [12] Inflation may also limit the crowding-in effect.
In economics, crowding out is a phenomenon that occurs when increased government involvement in a sector of the market economy substantially affects the remainder of the market, either on the supply or demand side of the market. One type frequently discussed is when expansionary fiscal policy reduces investment spending by the private sector ...
Crowding (or visual crowding) is a perceptual phenomenon where the recognition of objects presented away from the fovea is impaired by the presence of other neighbouring objects (sometimes called "flankers"). [1]
Macromolecular crowding is an important effect in biochemistry and cell biology.For example, the increase in the strength of interactions between proteins and DNA [5] produced by crowding may be of key importance in processes such as transcription and DNA replication.
Overcrowding may arise temporarily or regularly, in the home, in public spaces or on public transport. Overcrowding in the home can cause particular concern, since the home is an individual's place of shelter. Effects on quality of life due to crowding may include increased physical contact, lack of sleep, lack of privacy and poor hygiene ...
Current crowding (also current crowding effect, or CCE) is a nonuniform distribution of current density through a conductor or semiconductor, especially in the vicinity of electrical contacts and over p–n junctions. Current crowding is one of the factors limiting the efficiency of light-emitting diodes.
Like methadone, Suboxone blocks both the effects of heroin withdrawal and an addict’s craving and, if used properly, does it without causing intoxication. Unlike methadone, it can be prescribed by a certified family physician and taken at home, meaning a recovering addict can lead a normal life, without a daily early-morning commute to a clinic.
Different studies implicitly assume that crowding is a unitary effect due to a single stage of processing. [39] [40] The other notion states that crowding happens independently at several stages of visual processing. This notion supports the view that crowding is influenced by the similarity and configuration of flankers and the target.