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  2. Water-reactive substances - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water-reactive_substances

    Water-reactive substances [1] are those that spontaneously undergo a chemical reaction with water, often noted as generating flammable gas. [2] Some are highly reducing in nature. [ 3 ] Notable examples include alkali metals , lithium through caesium , and alkaline earth metals , magnesium through barium .

  3. Marine biogeochemical cycles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_biogeochemical_cycles

    Water is the medium of the oceans, the medium which carries all the substances and elements involved in the marine biogeochemical cycles. Water as found in nature almost always includes dissolved substances, so water has been described as the "universal solvent" for its ability to dissolve so many substances.

  4. Magnesium in biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology

    In plants, and more recently in animals, magnesium has been recognized as an important signaling ion, both activating and mediating many biochemical reactions. The best example of this is perhaps the regulation of carbon fixation in chloroplasts in the Calvin cycle. [42] [43] Magnesium is very important in cellular function.

  5. Magnesium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium

    When finely powdered, magnesium reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas: Mg(s) + 2 H 2 O(g) → Mg(OH) 2 (aq) + H 2 (g) + 1203.6 kJ/mol. However, this reaction is much less dramatic than the reactions of the alkali metals with water, because the magnesium hydroxide builds up on the surface of the magnesium metal and inhibits further reaction ...

  6. Serpentinization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serpentinization

    Under the unusual chemical conditions accompanying serpentinization, water is the oxidizing agent, and is itself reduced to hydrogen, H 2. This leads to further reactions that produce rare iron group native element minerals, such as awaruite (Ni 3 Fe) and native iron; methane and other hydrocarbon compounds; and hydrogen sulfide. [1] [6]

  7. Water softening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_softening

    Water softening is the removal of calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hard water. The resulting soft water requires less soap for the same cleaning effort, as soap is not wasted bonding with calcium ions. Soft water also extends the lifetime of plumbing by reducing or eliminating scale build-up in pipes

  8. Biogeochemical cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeochemical_cycle

    A biogeochemical cycle, or more generally a cycle of matter, [1] is the movement and transformation of chemical elements and compounds between living organisms, the atmosphere, and the Earth's crust. Major biogeochemical cycles include the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle and the water cycle. In each cycle, the chemical element or molecule is ...

  9. Magnesium oxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_oxide

    Magnesium oxide (Mg O), or magnesia, is a white hygroscopic solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase and is a source of magnesium (see also oxide). It has an empirical formula of MgO and consists of a lattice of Mg 2+ ions and O 2− ions held together by ionic bonding .