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  2. Water of crystallization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_of_crystallization

    Water of crystallization can generally be removed by heating a sample but the crystalline properties are often lost. Compared to inorganic salts, proteins crystallize with large amounts of water in the crystal lattice. A water content of 50% is not uncommon for proteins.

  3. Hydrate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrate

    Another example is chloral hydrate, CCl 3 −CH(OH) 2, which can be formed by reaction of water with chloral, CCl 3 −CH=O. Many organic molecules, as well as inorganic molecules, form crystals that incorporate water into the crystalline structure without chemical alteration of the organic molecule (water of crystallization).

  4. Crystallization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallization

    An example of this crystallization process is the production of ... for example, the mass of water of hydration to reach a stable hydrate crystallization form is ...

  5. List of purification methods in chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_purification...

    Water purification combines a number of methods to produce potable or drinking water. Downstream processing refers to purification of chemicals, pharmaceuticals and food ingredients produced by fermentation or synthesized by plant and animal tissues, for example antibiotics, citric acid, vitamin E, and insulin.

  6. Mineral hydration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_hydration

    Some mineral structures, for example, montmorillonite, are capable of including a variable amount of water without significant change to the mineral structure. [citation needed] Hydration is the mechanism by which hydraulic binders such as Portland cement develop strength. A hydraulic binder is a material that can set and harden submerged in ...

  7. Liquid crystal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_crystal

    Liquid crystal (LC) is a state of matter whose properties are between those of conventional liquids and those of solid crystals.For example, a liquid crystal can flow like a liquid, but its molecules may be oriented in a common direction as in a solid.

  8. Evaporite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporite

    An evaporite (/ ɪ ˈ v æ p ə ˌ r aɪ t /) is a water-soluble sedimentary mineral deposit that results from concentration and crystallization by evaporation from an aqueous solution. [1] There are two types of evaporite deposits: marine, which can also be described as ocean deposits, and non-marine, which are found in standing bodies of ...

  9. Magmatic water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magmatic_water

    It plays a key role in assessing the crystallization of igneous rocks, particularly silicates, as well as the rheology and evolution of magma chambers. Magma is composed of minerals, crystals and volatiles in varying relative natural abundance. [1] Magmatic differentiation varies significantly based on various factors, most notably the presence ...