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A pyramid with side length 5 contains 35 spheres. Each layer represents one of the first five triangular numbers. A truncated triangular pyramid number [1] is found by removing some smaller tetrahedral number (or triangular pyramidal number) from each of the vertices of a bigger tetrahedral number.
A triangular bipyramid is a hexahedron with six triangular faces constructed by attaching two tetrahedra face-to-face. The same shape is also known as a triangular dipyramid [1] [2] or trigonal bipyramid. [3] If these tetrahedra are regular, all faces of a triangular bipyramid are equilateral.
The tetrahedron is one kind of pyramid, which is a polyhedron with a flat polygon base and triangular faces connecting the base to a common point. In the case of a tetrahedron, the base is a triangle (any of the four faces can be considered the base), so a tetrahedron is also known as a "triangular pyramid".
The term often refers to square pyramidal numbers, which have a square base with four sides, but it can also refer to a pyramid with any number of sides. [2] The numbers of points in the base and in layers parallel to the base are given by polygonal numbers of the given number of sides, while the numbers of points in each triangular side is ...
An elongated triangular pyramid with edge length has a height, by adding the height of a regular tetrahedron and a triangular prism: [4] (+). Its surface area can be calculated by adding the area of all eight equilateral triangles and three squares: [2] (+), and its volume can be calculated by slicing it into a regular tetrahedron and a prism, adding their volume up: [2]: ((+)).
It was well understood that some numbers could have many figurations, e.g. 36 is a both a square and a triangle and also various rectangles. The modern study of figurate numbers goes back to Pierre de Fermat , specifically the Fermat polygonal number theorem .
A triangular-pyramid version of the cannonball problem, which is to yield a perfect square from the N th Tetrahedral number, would have N = 48. That means that the (24 × 2 = ) 48th tetrahedral number equals to (70 2 × 2 2 = 140 2 = ) 19600. This is comparable with the 24th square pyramid having a total of 70 2 cannonballs. [5]
The elongated triangular bipyramid is constructed from a triangular prism by attaching two tetrahedrons onto its bases, a process known as the elongation. [1] These tetrahedrons cover the triangular faces so that the resulting polyhedron has nine faces (six of them are equilateral triangles and three of them are squares), fifteen edges, and eight vertices. [2]