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Federal legislation provides guidance to states by identifying a minimum set of acts or behaviors that define child abuse and neglect. The Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) (42 U.S.C.A. § 5106g), as amended by the CAPTA Reauthorization Act of 2010, defines child abuse and neglect as, at minimum:
Child abuse and neglect are defined by Federal and State laws. The Federal Child Abuse Prevention . and Treatment Act (CAPTA) provides minimum standards that States must incorporate in their statutory definitions of child abuse and neglect. The CAPTA definition of “child abuse and neglect,” at a minimum, refers to:
Federal law (PDF) defines child abuse and neglect as "any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker, which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation. . .or an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm."
This publication presents State civil laws that define the conduct, acts, and omissions that constitute child abuse or neglect that must be reported to child protective agencies. The types of maltreatment defined include physical abuse, neglect, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, sexual exploitation, and abandonment.
Each state has its own definitions of abuse and neglect based on the following standard put forth in federal law identifying a set of acts or behaviors that define child abuse and neglect:
This factsheet is intended to help you better understand the Federal definition of child abuse and neglect; learn about the different types of abuse and neglect, including human trafficking; and recognize their signs and symptoms.
Any action, or failure to act, by a parent or caregiver that results in the injury, death, or risk of serious emotional or physical harm to a child is considered abuse. Child abuse cases are broken down into four primary categories:
The Child Abuse and Prevention Treatment Act defines child abuse and neglect or child maltreatment as: Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker, which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation, or an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm.
The CDC defines child abuse and neglect (also referred to generally as child maltreatment) as "any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent or other caregiver (e.g., clergy, coach, teacher) that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child."
Child abuse laws aim to protect children from abuse and neglect at the hands of parents or caregivers. Each state establishes its own child abuse laws, so these laws vary from state-to-state. Thousands of child abuse cases are reported in the country annually. Because of this, state laws created initiatives for child abuse prevention.