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Plant evolution is an aspect of the study of biological evolution, predominantly involving evolution of plants suited to live on land, greening of various land masses by the filling of their niches with land plants, and diversification of groups of land plants.
Evidence of the emergence of embryophyte land plants first occurs in the middle Ordovician (~ 470 million years ago), and by the middle of the Devonian (~ 390 million years ago), many of the features recognised in land plants today were present, including roots and leaves.
Plant evolution is the subset of evolutionary phenomena that concern plants. Evolutionary phenomena are characteristics of populations that are described by averages, medians, distributions, and other statistical methods.
The evolutionary history of plants is recorded in fossils preserved in lowland or marine sediments. Some fossils preserve the external form of plant parts; others show cellular features; and still others consist of microfossils such as pollen and spores.
Evolution of Plants. As shown in Figure below, plants are thought to have evolved from an aquatic green alga protist. Later, they evolved important adaptations for land, including vascular tissues, seeds, and flowers.
we are made of starlight— because plants provide all animals, either directly or indirectly, with food thanks to the evolution of a process called photosynthesis. Even if plants were not the foundation of almost every food chain on our planet, they deserve our unwavering attention because they
Here, we examine how new genomes, fossils, phylogenomic, and timescale analyses have revolutionised our understanding of early plant evolution and highlight the challenges that remain.