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[3] [4] In nature, two muscles contracting on the swim bladder produce these sounds. In the laboratory, sounds are produced by a stimulating electrode placed on the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and a recording electrode placed on the occipital nerve that leads to the sonic muscles of the fish.
Sound then enters the supralaryngeal vocal tract, which can be adjusted to produce various changes in sound output, providing refinement of vocalizations. [3] Although morphological differences between species affect production of sound , neural control is thought to be more essential factor in producing the variations within human speech and ...
Certain words in the English language represent animal sounds: the noises and vocalizations of particular animals, especially noises used by animals for communication. The words can be used as verbs or interjections in addition to nouns , and many of them are also specifically onomatopoeic .
Vocal learning is the ability to modify acoustic and syntactic sounds, acquire new sounds via imitation, and produce vocalizations. "Vocalizations" in this case refers only to sounds generated by the vocal organ (mammalian larynx or avian syrinx ) as opposed to by the lips, teeth, and tongue, which require substantially less motor control. [ 1 ]
The historical background of natural sounds as they have come to be defined, begins with the recording of a single bird, by Ludwig Koch, as early as 1889.Koch's efforts in the late 19th and early 20th centuries set the stage for the universal audio capture model of single-species—primarily birds at the outset—that subsumed all others during the first half of the 20th century and well into ...
Sonograms of female copulatory vocalizations of a human female (top), female baboon (middle), and female gibbon (bottom), [19] with time being plotted on the x-axis and the pitch being represented on the y-axis. In non-human primates, copulatory vocalizations begin towards the end of the copulatory act or even after copulation. [2]
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Male Alston's singing mouse (Scotinomys teguina) singing to female in estrus S. teguina is often recognized for its unique vocalization behavior. Both males and females produce vocalizations which are characterized by singing bouts containing both sonic and ultrasonic elements.