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Aspergillus terreus, also known as Aspergillus terrestris, is a fungus (mold) found worldwide in soil. Although thought to be strictly asexual until recently, A. terreus is now known to be capable of sexual reproduction. [2] This saprotrophic fungus is prevalent in warmer climates such as tropical and subtropical regions. [3]
Clathrus ruber is a species of fungus in the family Phallaceae, and the type species of the genus Clathrus.It is commonly known as the latticed stinkhorn, the basket stinkhorn, or the red cage, alluding to the striking fruit bodies that are shaped somewhat like a round or oval hollow sphere with interlaced or latticed branches.
Geomyces pannorum is a temperate soil fungus often associated with cold temperatures. It has been isolated from Arctic permafrost as well as the soils of Antarctica. [8] [9] Geomyces pannorum has also been recovered from glacier bank soils in Kashmir, India, at an elevation of over 3000 metres, where temperatures rarely exceed 10 °C. [10]
The presence of this fungus in the soil may serve to improve the quality of it as it can help to break down organic matter and provide nutrients that the plants require. [48] However, if the mushrooms are appearing regularly it can be a sign that the soil is too moist and that the plant may be being over-watered.
These diverse and adaptable fungi have been found in soils ranging from the Sonoran Desert, to tropical and temperate forest, grasslands and soils of the tundra. [10] F. oxysporum strains are ubiquitous soil inhabitants that have the ability to exist as saprophytes, and degrade lignin [11] [12] and complex carbohydrates [13] [14] [1] associated with soil debris.
Peziza phyllogena, commonly known as the common brown cup or the pig-ear cup, is a species of fungus in the family Pezizaceae. A saprobic species, the fungus produces brownish, cup-shaped fruit bodies that grow singly or in clusters on either soil or well-rotted wood. It is found in Europe, North America, and Iceland, where it fruits in the spring.
Fusarium solani is a species complex of at least 26 closely related filamentous fungi in the division Ascomycota, family Nectriaceae. [1] It is the anamorph of Nectria haematococca. [1] It is a common soil inhabiting mold. [2] Fusarium solani is implicated in plant diseases as well as in serious human diseases such as fungal keratitis. [1]
About 140 Phoma taxa have been defined and recognized [3] which may be divided into two large groups: (i) plurivorous fungi, generally saprobic or weakly parasitic, mainly from temperate regions in Eurasia, but occasionally also found in other parts of the world (including areas with cool or warm climates); and (ii) specific pathogens of cultivated plants. [4]