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Benzoyl chloride, also known as benzenecarbonyl chloride, is an organochlorine compound with the formula C 7 H 5 ClO. It is a colourless, fuming liquid with an irritating odour, and consists of a benzene ring ( C 6 H 6 ) with an acyl chloride ( −C(=O)Cl ) substituent .
Isocyanates react with water to form carbon dioxide: RNCO + H 2 O → RNH 2 + CO 2. This reaction is exploited in tandem with the production of polyurethane to give polyurethane foams. The carbon dioxide functions as a blowing agent. [12] Isocyanates also react with amines to give ureas: R 2 NH + R'NCO → R 2 NC(O)N(H)R'
Isothiocyanates can be prepared by treating organic dithiocarbamate salts with lead nitrate or tosyl chloride. [5] [6] Synthesis of phenyl isothiocyanate. Isothiocyanates may also be accessed by the fragmentation reactions of 1,4,2-oxathiazoles. [7] This methodology has been applied to a polymer-supported synthesis of isothiocyanates. [8]
The benzoyl functional group. In organic chemistry, benzoyl (/ ˈ b ɛ n z oʊ ɪ l /, BENZ-oh-il) [1] is the functional group with the formula −COC 6 H 5 and structure −C(=O)−C 6 H 5. [2] [3] It can be viewed as benzaldehyde missing one hydrogen. The benzoyl group has a mass of 105 amu.
It is usually prepared by the dehydration reaction of benzoic acid, e.g. using acetic anhydride: [3] 2 C 6 H 5 CO 2 H + (CH 3 CO) 2 O → (C 6 H 5 CO) 2 O + 2 CH 3 CO 2 H. Alternatively, sodium benzoate can be treated with benzoyl chloride. It can be produced by dehydrating benzoic acid by heating. [citation needed]
Several synthesis routes exist, [3] the most common being the reaction between alkyl halides and alkali thiocyanate in aqueous media. [4] Illustrative is the preparation of isopropyl thiocyanate by treatment of isopropyl bromide with sodium thiocyanate in boiling ethanol. [5]
Schotten–Baumann reaction also refers to the conversion of acid chloride to esters. The reaction was first described in 1883 by German chemists Carl Schotten and Eugen Baumann. [1] [2] The name "Schotten–Baumann reaction conditions" often indicate the use of a two-phase solvent system, consisting of water and an organic solvent.
Indicative of its high reactivity (relative to alkyl chlorides), benzyl chloride slowly reacts with water in a hydrolysis reaction to form benzyl alcohol and hydrochloric acid. In contact with mucous membranes, hydrolysis produces hydrochloric acid. Thus, benzyl chloride is a lachrymator and has been used in chemical warfare. It is also very ...