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Benzoyl chloride, also known as benzenecarbonyl chloride, is an organochlorine compound with the formula C 7 H 5 ClO. It is a colourless, fuming liquid with an irritating odour, and consists of a benzene ring ( C 6 H 6 ) with an acyl chloride ( −C(=O)Cl ) substituent .
In organic chemistry, isocyanate is the functional group with the formula R−N=C=O. Organic compounds that contain an isocyanate group are referred to as isocyanates. An organic compound with two isocyanate groups is known as a diisocyanate. Diisocyanates are manufactured for the production of polyurethanes, a class of polymers.
Isothiocyanates can be prepared by treating organic dithiocarbamate salts with lead nitrate or tosyl chloride. [5] [6] Synthesis of phenyl isothiocyanate. Isothiocyanates may also be accessed by the fragmentation reactions of 1,4,2-oxathiazoles. [7] This methodology has been applied to a polymer-supported synthesis of isothiocyanates. [8]
The benzoyl functional group. In organic chemistry, benzoyl (/ ˈ b ɛ n z oʊ ɪ l /, BENZ-oh-il) [1] is the functional group with the formula −COC 6 H 5 and structure −C(=O)−C 6 H 5. [2] [3] It can be viewed as benzaldehyde missing one hydrogen. The benzoyl group has a mass of 105 amu.
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
It is usually prepared by the dehydration reaction of benzoic acid, e.g. using acetic anhydride: [3] 2 C 6 H 5 CO 2 H + (CH 3 CO) 2 O → (C 6 H 5 CO) 2 O + 2 CH 3 CO 2 H. Alternatively, sodium benzoate can be treated with benzoyl chloride. It can be produced by dehydrating benzoic acid by heating. [citation needed]
Schotten–Baumann reaction also refers to the conversion of acid chloride to esters. The reaction was first described in 1883 by German chemists Carl Schotten and Eugen Baumann. [1] [2] The name "Schotten–Baumann reaction conditions" often indicate the use of a two-phase solvent system, consisting of water and an organic solvent.
Sulfenyl thiosulfates (RSSO 3 −) react with alkali metal cyanides to give thiocyanates with displacement of sulfite. This approach has been applied to allyl thiocyanate: [6] CH 2 =CHCH 2 Cl + Na 2 S 2 O 3 → CH 2 =CHCH 2 S 2 O 3 Na + NaCl CH 2 =CHCH 2 S 2 O 3 Na + NaCN → CH 2 =CHCH 2 SCN + Na 2 SO 3. Sulfenyl chlorides (RSCl) also convert ...