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An example of second-order conditioning. In classical conditioning, second-order conditioning or higher-order conditioning is a form of learning in which a stimulus is first made meaningful or consequential for an organism through an initial step of learning, and then that stimulus is used as a basis for learning about some new stimulus. For ...
Sensory preconditioning is an extension of classical conditioning.Procedurally, sensory preconditioning involves repeated simultaneous presentations (pairing) of two neutral stimuli (NS, e.g. a light and a tone), i.e. stimuli that are not associated with a desired unconditioned response (UR, e.g. salivation).
In Kamin's blocking effect [1] the conditioning of an association between two stimuli, a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US) is impaired if, during the conditioning process, the CS is presented together with a second CS that has already been associated with the unconditioned stimulus.
Classical conditioning occurs when a conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US). Usually, the conditioned stimulus is a neutral stimulus (e.g., the sound of a tuning fork), the unconditioned stimulus is biologically potent (e.g., the taste of food) and the unconditioned response (UR) to the unconditioned stimulus is an unlearned reflex response (e.g., salivation).
Fear conditioning, classical conditioning involving aversive stimuli; Second-order conditioning, a two-step process in classical conditioning; Covert conditioning, classical and operant conditioning in mental health treatment; Operant conditioning or instrumental conditioning, a form of learning in which behavior is modified by its consequences
Robert A. Rescorla (May 9, 1940 - March 24, 2020) [1] [2] was an American psychologist who specialized in the involvement of cognitive processes in classical conditioning [3] focusing on animal learning and behavior. [4] One of Rescorla's significant contributions to psychology, with co-creator Allan Wagner, was the Rescorla-Wagner Model of ...
U.S. President Donald Trump's order to pause spending from the country's climate and infrastructure laws is a chance for Europe to attract clean tech investments, Poland's deputy climate minister ...
This is the Pavlov "second-signal system" principle that distinguishes verbal conditioning, or language acquisition, in man from first-signal conditioning in men and animals. This view is different from most American behaviorists, who claim language is either a mediator, operating principally according to the laws of the reactions that it ...
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