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Quercus velutina (Latin 'velutina', "velvety") , the black oak, is a species of oak in the red oak group (Quercus sect. Lobatae), native and widespread in eastern and central North America. It is sometimes called the eastern black oak. [4] Quercus velutina was previously known as yellow oak due to the yellow pigment in its inner bark.
A study published in 2008 found 393 species within the preserve. [2] Areas of savanna and forest are characterized by black oak and blackjack oak, with some mockernut. [1] In a 2015 research and inspection fan-out, arborists discovered the first example of dwarf chinkapin oak identified in Illinois. [4]
Map of oak savanna distribution in North America. Although there are pockets of oak savanna almost anywhere in North America where oaks are present, there are three major oak savanna areas: 1) California, British Columbia, Washington and Oregon in the west; 2) Southwestern United States and northern Mexico; and 3) the prairie/forest border zone of the Midwestern United States.
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The current oak–hickory forest includes the former range of the oak–chestnut forest region, which encompassed the northeast portion of the current oak–hickory range. When the American chestnut population succumbed to invasive fungal blight in the early 20th century, those forests shifted to an oak and hickory dominated ecosystem.
California Valley oak woodland holds valley oak (Quercus lobata), California sycamore (Platanus racemosa), black walnut (Juglans nigra), California boxelder, and Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii). This woodland can be found between 500 and 1700 meters above sea level. The soils are deep and made from alluvium. [citation needed]
Illinois has three major geographical divisions: Northern, Central, and Southern. Collectively, central and southern Illinois are often referred to within Illinois as "downstate Illinois" but with political developments since World War II "Downstate" now generally refers to all of Illinois outside of the Chicago metro area.
– Chinkapin oak – eastern, central, and southwestern US (West Texas and New Mexico), northern Mexico; Quercus ningqiangensis S.Z.Qu & W.H.Zhang – southeastern China; Quercus oblongifolia Torr. – Arizona blue oak, Southwestern blue oak, or Mexican blue oak – # southwestern U.S., northwestern Mexico; Quercus obtusata Bonpl. – Mexico