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The cylinder is made pressure-tight with end covers and a piston; a valve distributes the steam to the ends of the cylinder. Cylinders were initially cast iron , but later made of steel . The cylinder casting includes other features such as (in the case of Stephenson's Rocket ) valve ports and mounting feet. [ 1 ]
Also, the steam passages were better streamlined for greater efficiency and, most importantly, the piston valves went up in size from 8 inches to 9.5 inches. In order to allow higher speeds, the diameter of the driving wheels was increased to 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m) (from 6 ft 6 in) and the cylinder diameters were increased by 1 ⁄ 4 in (6.4 mm). [ 9 ]
The steam locomotive, as commonly employed, has its pistons directly attached to cranks on the driving wheels; thus, there is no gearing, one revolution of the driving wheels is equivalent to one revolution of the crank and thus two power strokes per piston (steam locomotives are almost universally double-acting, unlike the more familiar internal combustion engine).
Steel arm that converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into a rotary motion of the driving wheels. The connection between piston and main rod is a crosshead, which slides on a horizontal bar behind the cylinder. [2] [5] [3]: 55 Piston rod Connects the piston to the cross-head. [2] [3]: 61 Piston
Over time, Mamod expanded its range to include models of road rollers, traction engines, steam wagons, steam locomotives and other steam-powered road vehicles. These models were primarily intended for the toy market and were designed to be user-friendly and operate at low boiler pressures for safety, although they were not precise scale models .
This List of Russian steam locomotive classes includes those built both before and during the Soviet era. They are to the gauge of 5 ft ( 1,524 mm ) unless otherwise stated. Some locomotives originally used in Poland during the period of the Russian Empire were built to 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ( 1,435 mm ) standard gauge and later converted to 5 ft ...
Union Pacific 4014 is a preserved 4884-1 class 4-8-8-4 "Big Boy" type steam locomotive owned and operated by the Union Pacific (UP) as part of its heritage fleet.Built in November 1941 by American Locomotive Company (ALCO) in Schenectady, New York, it was assigned to haul heavy freight trains in the Wasatch mountain range.
Another steam locomotive that is preserved is a steam dummy, built for Sydney Tramways, in 1891, and preserved in operational condition, at Auckland's Museum of Transport & Technology. A six-ton, 60-cm gauge 4-4-0 built for the Tacubaya Railroad in 1897 was the smallest ever built by Baldwin for commercial use. [47]