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A massive star collapses at the end of its life, emitting on the order of 10 58 neutrinos and antineutrinos in all lepton flavors. [2] The luminosity of different neutrino and antineutrino species are roughly the same. [3] They carry away about 99% of the gravitational energy of the dying star as a burst lasting tens of seconds.
A neutrino (/ nj uː ˈ t r iː n oʊ / new-TREE-noh; denoted by the Greek letter ν) is an elementary particle that interacts via the weak interaction and gravity. [2] [3] The neutrino is so named because it is electrically neutral and because its rest mass is so small that it was long thought to be zero.
Super-Kamiokande can measure a burst with no dead-time, up to 30,000 events within the first second of a burst. Theoretical calculations of supernova explosions suggest that neutrinos are emitted over a total time-scale of tens of seconds with about a half of them emitted during the first one or two seconds.
KM3NeT comprises two large neutrino detectors at the bottom of th. Using an observatory under construction deep beneath the Mediterranean Sea near Sicily, scientists have detected a ghostly ...
Toward the end of the 20th century, ... is converted into a ten-second burst of neutrinos, which is the main output of the event. ... Like the neutrino emissions, the ...
The SuperNova Early Warning System (SNEWS) is a network of neutrino detectors designed to give early warning to astronomers in the event of a supernova in the Milky Way, our home galaxy, or in a nearby galaxy such as the Large Magellanic Cloud or the Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy. As of March 2021, [1] SNEWS has not issued any supernova alerts.
The two neutrino production mechanisms convert the gravitational potential energy of the collapse into a ten-second neutrino burst, releasing about 10 46 joules (100 foe). [ 16 ] Through a process that is not clearly understood, about 1%, or 10 44 joules (1 foe), of the energy released (in the form of neutrinos ) is reabsorbed by the stalled ...
This rebound produces a shock wave, at which point many of the previously produced electron neutrinos are ejected in what is called a neutrino burst. The energy carried away from the supernova by the neutrino burst weakens the shock, and matter falls into the remnant of the progenitor star.