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Eutheria (from Greek εὐ-, eú-'good, right' and θηρίον, thēríon 'beast'; lit. ' true beasts '), also called Pan-Placentalia, is the clade consisting of placentals and all therian mammals that are more closely related to placentals than to marsupials.
Various carnivorans, with feliforms to the left, and caniforms to the right. Carnivora is an order of placental mammals that have specialized in primarily eating flesh. Members of this order are called carnivorans, or colloquially carnivores, though the term more properly refers to any meat-eating organisms, and some carnivoran species are omnivores or herbivores.
Herbivory is of extreme ecological importance and prevalence among insects.Perhaps one third (or 500,000) of all described species are herbivores. [4] Herbivorous insects are by far the most important animal pollinators, and constitute significant prey items for predatory animals, as well as acting as major parasites and predators of plants; parasitic species often induce the formation of galls.
A study on eutherian diversity suggests that placental diversity was constrained during the Paleocene, while multituberculate mammals diversified; afterwards, multituberculates decline and placentals explode in diversity.
The heights of plants preferred by herbivores can give indications of the local and regional herbivore density. [14] Compositional and structural changes in forest vegetation can have cascading effects on the entire ecosystem , including impacts on soil quality and stability, micro- and macro- invertebrates , small mammals, songbirds, and ...
Consumer–resource interactions are the core motif of ecological food chains or food webs, [1] and are an umbrella term for a variety of more specialized types of biological species interactions including prey-predator (see predation), host-parasite (see parasitism), plant-herbivore and victim-exploiter systems.
Carnivores that feed on herbivores are secondary consumers; their predators are tertiary consumers, and so forth. [129] At the top of this food chain are apex predators such as lions . [ 130 ] Many predators however eat from multiple levels of the food chain; a carnivore may eat both secondary and tertiary consumers. [ 131 ]
Sparassodonta (from Greek σπαράσσειν [sparassein], to tear, rend; and ὀδούς, gen. ὀδόντος [odous, odontos], tooth) is an extinct order of carnivorous metatherian mammals native to South America, related to modern marsupials.