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The guidelines stipulate that PM 2.5 should not exceed 5 μg/m 3 annual mean, or 15 μg/m 3 24-hour mean; and that PM 10 should not exceed 15 μg/m 3 annual mean, or 45 μg/m 3 24-hour mean. [2] For ozone (O 3 ), the guidelines suggest values no higher than 100 μg/m 3 for an 8-hour mean and 60 μg/m 3 peak season mean. [ 2 ]
Particulate matter (PM), particularly PM2.5, was found to be harmful to aquatic invertebrates. [41] These aquatic invertebrates include fish, crustaceans, and Mollusca. In a study by Han et al, the effects of PM<2.5 micrometers on life history traits and oxidative stress were observed in Tigriopus japonicus.
The cleanest city in this report is Zürich, Switzerland with PM 2.5 levels of just 0.5 μg/m 3, placed first in both 2019 and 2022. The second cleanest city is Perth , with 1.7 μg/m 3 and PM 2.5 levels dropping by −6.2 μg/m 3 since 2019.
Below is a list of 526 cities sorted by their annual mean concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m 3) in 2022. [1] [2] By default the least polluted cities which have fewest particulates in the air come first.
This list contains the top 500 cities by PM2.5 annual mean concentration measurement as documented by the World Health Organization covering the period from 2010 to 2022. The January 2024 version of the WHO database contains results of ambient (outdoor) air pollution monitoring from almost 5,390 towns and cities in 63 countries.
The level of lead in her daughter Zoe’s blood was alarmingly high at 21 micrograms per deciliter — an amount four times the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention threshold of 5 micrograms per deciliter.
Many of the mothers exposed to PM2.5 were ethnic minorities (54% Hispanic, 30% black), had 12 or fewer years of education (66%), and did not smoke in pregnancy (80%). [32] Inner-city children from the age of 5–11 years old were diagnosed with Asthma, due to prenatal exposure to phthalates, butylbenzyl phthalate (BBzP), di-n-butyl phthalate ...
These viral $2.99 Trader Joe’s tote bags are being resold for as much as $500 on eBay. ... Although some stores have reportedly been placing limits on the amount people are able to buy at one ...