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  2. Tyrosine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine

    Tyrosine ball and stick model spinning. L-Tyrosine or tyrosine (symbol Tyr or Y) [2] or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. It is a conditionally essential amino acid with a polar side group.

  3. TH (gene) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TH_(gene)

    Tyrosine hydroxylase is the rate limiting enzyme responsible for the transformation of L-Tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (), a catecholamine precursor. . Catecholamines, dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, signal different stressors so the body can activate pathways to return toward

  4. L-DOPA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-DOPA

    l-DOPA is produced from the amino acid l-tyrosine by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase. l-DOPA can act as an l-tyrosine mimetic and be incorporated into proteins by mammalian cells in place of l-tyrosine, generating protease-resistant and aggregate-prone proteins in vitro and may contribute to neurotoxicity with chronic l-DOPA administration. [10]

  5. Everything You Need To Know about Tyrosine - AOL

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/everything-know-tyrosine...

    Tyrosine is an amino acid made by the body. It may boost cognitive function, especially during periods of stress. Many foods contain tyrosine.

  6. Catecholamine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catecholamine

    The enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) converts the amino acid L-tyrosine into 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). The hydroxylation of L-tyrosine by TH results in the formation of the DA precursor L-DOPA, which is metabolized by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC; see Cooper et al., 2002 [citation needed]) to the transmitter dopamine ...

  7. Tyrosine hydroxylase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine_hydroxylase

    Tyrosine hydroxylase or tyrosine 3-monooxygenase is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of the amino acid L-tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). [ 5 ] [ 6 ] It does so using molecular oxygen (O 2 ), as well as iron (Fe 2+ ) and tetrahydrobiopterin as cofactors .

  8. Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromatic_L-amino_acid_de...

    L-DOPA to dopamine – a neurotransmitter; L-Phenylalanine to phenethylamine – a trace amine which functions as a neuromodulator; L-Tyrosine to tyramine – a trace amine neuromodulator; L-Histidine to histamine – a neurotransmitter; L-Tryptophan to tryptamine – a trace amine neuromodulator; 5-HTP to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) – a ...

  9. Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylethanolamine_N...

    S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) is a required cofactor. [6] The active site binding region for the cofactor SAM contains a rich number of pi bonds from phenylalanine and tyrosine residues in the active site help to keep it in its binding pocket through pi stacking. Among all known PNMT variants in nature there are 7 crucial aromatic residues ...