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The younger larvae are thin white caterpillars with numerous small black spots. As the larvae mature they become plump and darker in color and they lose their spots. The larvae tuck themselves into crumpled dead leaves to pupate for 8 to 10 days. The life cycle varies by environmental conditions ranging from 22 to 55 days.
In the soil system, L. terrestris worm casts have a relationship with plants which can be seen in such scenarios as plant propagation from seed or clone. Worm casts initiate root development, root biomass, and in effect, increase root percentage as opposed to the soil and soil systems without worm casts.
Wireworms can pass easily through the soil on account of their shape and their propensity for following pre-existing burrows, [14] and can travel from plant to plant, thus injuring the roots of multiple plants within a short time. Methods for pest control include crop rotation and clearing the land of insects before sowing.
Most of the plants or vegetables that are attacked by S. littoralis are unsuitable for consumption as the damages are too severe. Of different types of host plants, cotton has been one of the main targets of S. littoralis. The species feed on cotton leaves, flower buds, fruiting points, and bolls, leaving the plant unsuitable for any further usage.
Cutworms are moth larvae that hide under litter or soil during the day, coming out in the dark to feed on plants. A larva typically attacks the first part of the plant it encounters, namely the stem, often of a seedling, and consequently cuts it down; hence the name cutworm. Cutworms are not worms, biologically speaking, but caterpillars.
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The white worm beetle has a distinct appearance due to its long body, usually measuring between 11.8 to 18.2 millimetres (0.465 to 0.717 in) long, and 5.8 to 10.8 millimetres (0.228 to 0.425 in) wide across the shoulders. It showcases an oval physique and a smooth, glossy green exoskeleton.
The female can lay a maximum of about 1,000 eggs in her lifetime. She can lay 100–400 eggs per night, with an overall average of 150. [9] [11] The number of eggs females can lay is positively correlated with their pupal weight. [1] African armyworms primarily lay their eggs in clusters on the lower side of leaves.