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A computer virus generally contains three parts: the infection mechanism, which finds and infects new files, the payload, which is the malicious code to execute, and the trigger, which determines when to activate the payload. [36] Infection mechanism Also called the infection vector, this is how the virus spreads.
Code injection is the malicious injection or introduction of code into an application. Some web servers have a guestbook script, which accepts small messages from users and typically receives messages such as: Very nice site! However, a malicious person may know of a code injection vulnerability in the guestbook and enter a message such as:
Browser sandboxing is a security measure that isolates web browser processes and tabs from the operating system to prevent malicious code from exploiting vulnerabilities. It helps protect against malware, zero-day exploits , and unintentional data leaks by trapping potentially harmful code within the sandbox.
The legal definition of computer fraud varies by jurisdiction, but typically involves accessing a computer without permission or authorization. Forms of computer fraud include hacking into computers to alter information, distributing malicious code such as computer worms or viruses , installing malware or spyware to steal data, phishing , and ...
A hardware backdoor is a backdoor implemented within the physical components of a computer system, also known as its hardware.They can be created by introducing malicious code to a component's firmware, or even during the manufacturing process of a integrated circuit, known as a hardware trojan.
An exploit is a method or piece of code that takes advantage of vulnerabilities in software, applications, networks, operating systems, or hardware, typically for malicious purposes. The term "exploit" derives from the English verb "to exploit," meaning "to use something to one’s own advantage."
Computer viruses generally require a host program. [11] The virus writes its own code into the host program. When the program runs, the written virus program is executed first, causing infection and damage. A worm does not need a host program, as it is an independent program or code chunk.
A logic bomb is a piece of code intentionally inserted into a software system that will set off a malicious function when specified conditions are met. For example, a programmer may hide a piece of code that starts deleting files (such as a salary database trigger), should they ever be terminated from the company.