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Minister of Pensions, [15] described it simply as "more probable than not". Another high-level way of interpreting that is that the plaintiff's case (evidence) be 51% likely. A more precise statement is that "the weight [of the evidence, including in calculating such a percentage] is determined not by the amount of evidence, but by its quality."
The birthday problem in this more generic sense applies to hash functions: the expected number of N-bit hashes that can be generated before getting a collision is not 2 N, but rather only 2 N ⁄ 2. This is exploited by birthday attacks on cryptographic hash functions and is the reason why a small number of collisions in a hash table are, for ...
It is more likely than not, for example, that any number will be divisible either by two or by three, but it is not more likely than not that all numbers are divisible either by two or by three. The first type of proposition has been discussed in Part III. under the name of Universal Induction.
Of 462 women, 154 died and 308 survived. Of 851 men, 709 died and 142 survived. Clearly a man on the ship was more likely to die than a woman, but how much more likely? Since over half the passengers died, the rare disease assumption is strongly violated. To compute the odds ratio, note that for women the odds of dying were 1 to 2 (154/308).
The second of five storms that will slam the eastern half of the United States with snow and ice over a two week period is on the way – and this one has more snow than the first. Not 1. Not 2.
Determine the outcome that is most favorable with a cumulative likelihood of more than 50%. For example, assume a position exists which is more likely than not to be sustained at least in part. Management determines that it is 25% likely that $100 of benefit will be sustained, and 30% likely that $75 of benefit will be sustained.
The study, released in August, found that 42% of multilingual employees said they received a raise in the last year, making them about 5% more likely than single-language speakers to get a pay ...
The gambler's fallacy, also known as the Monte Carlo fallacy or the fallacy of the maturity of chances, is the belief that, if an event (whose occurrences are independent and identically distributed) has occurred less frequently than expected, it is more likely to happen again in the future (or vice versa).