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The Sinai Peninsula, or simply Sinai (/ ˈ s aɪ n aɪ / SY-ny; Arabic: سِينَاء; Egyptian Arabic: سينا; Coptic: Ⲥⲓⲛⲁ), is a peninsula in Egypt, and the only part of the country located in Asia. It is between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south, and is a land bridge between Asia and Africa.
Pre-upgrade border fence section north of Eilat, 2008. An old and rusty low-height fence swamped by shifting sand dunes, which mainly served as a border marker between Egypt's Sinai Peninsula and Israel, had already existed in the Negev Desert prior to any barrier considerations.
In 1979, Israel and Egypt signed a peace treaty that eventually returned the Sinai, which borders the Gaza Strip, to Egyptian control. As part of that treaty, a 100-meter-wide strip of land known as the Philadelphi Corridor was established as a buffer zone between Gaza and Egypt. [10]
The Sinai Peninsula separating the Gulf of Suez to the west and the Gulf of Aqaba, to the east. View of the Gulf of Aqaba near Nuweiba, Egypt. The gulf measures 24 km (15 mi) at its widest point and stretches some 160 km (100 mi) north from the Straits of Tiran to where Israel meets Egypt and Jordan. The city of Aqaba is the largest on the gulf
From 1948, Gaza was occupied by an independent Egypt. Consequently, the border between the Gaza Strip and Egypt proper was a mere administrative boundary without border control. In the 1967 Six-Day War, Israel conquered the Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip from Egypt, and again there was nominal border control.
After fighting wars with Israel in 1948, 1956, 1967 and 1973, Egypt became the first Arab country to sign a peace treaty and establish relations with Israel in 1979.
There are several passages formed by the islands between Egypt and Saudi Arabia. The westernmost strait, between Egypt and the island of Tiran, overlooked by the Egyptian city Sharm El Sheikh, is the "Strait of Tiran", 5 or 6 km (3 or 4 mi) wide. It has two passages deep enough to be navigable by large ships.
Map 1: United Nations-derived boundary map of Israel and the Israeli-occupied territories (2007, updated to 2018) The modern borders of Israel exist as the result both of past wars and of diplomatic agreements between the State of Israel and its neighbours, as well as an effect of the agreements among colonial powers ruling in the region before Israel's creation.