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Later, cable theory with its mathematical derivatives allowed ever more sophisticated neuron models to be explored by workers such as Jack, Rall, Redman, Rinzel, Idan Segev, Tuckwell, Bell, and Iannella. More recently, cable theory has been applied to model electrical activity in bundled neurons in the white matter of the brain. [1]
The above cable equation is valid for a single cylindrical cable. Linear cable theory describes the dendritic arbor of a neuron as a cylindrical structure undergoing a regular pattern of bifurcation, like branches in a tree. For a single cylinder or an entire tree, the static input conductance at the base (where the tree meets the cell body or ...
An axon can divide into many branches called telodendria (Greek for 'end of tree'). At the end of each telodendron is an axon terminal (also called a terminal bouton or synaptic bouton, or end-foot). [20] Axon terminals contain synaptic vesicles that store the neurotransmitter for release at the synapse. This makes multiple synaptic connections ...
The flow of currents within an axon can be described quantitatively by cable theory [58] and its elaborations, such as the compartmental model. [59] Cable theory was developed in 1855 by Lord Kelvin to model the transatlantic telegraph cable [x] and was shown to be relevant to neurons by Hodgkin and Rushton in 1946.
Cable theory can be useful for understanding how currents flow through the axons of a neuron. [6] In 1855, Lord Kelvin devised this theory as a way to describe electrical properties of transatlantic telegraph cables. [7] Almost a century later in 1946, Hodgkin and Rushton discovered cable theory could be applied to neurons as well. [8]
Saltatory conduction. In neuroscience, nerve conduction velocity (CV) is the speed at which an electrochemical impulse propagates down a neural pathway.Conduction velocities are affected by a wide array of factors, which include age, sex, and various medical conditions.
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Myelinated axons only allow action potentials to occur at the unmyelinated nodes of Ranvier that occur between the myelinated internodes. It is by this restriction that saltatory conduction propagates an action potential along the axon of a neuron at rates significantly higher than would be possible in unmyelinated axons (150 m/s compared from 0.5 to 10 m/s). [1]