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The Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples was a royal commission undertaken by the Government of Canada in 1991 to address issues of the Indigenous peoples of Canada. [151] It assessed past government policies toward Indigenous people, such as residential schools, and provided policy recommendations to the government. [ 152 ]
The native peoples of the Pacific coast also make totem poles, a trait attributed to other tribes as well. In 2000 a land claim was settled between the Nisga'a people of British Columbia and the provincial government, resulting in the return of over 2,000 square kilometres of land to the Nisga'a. Major ethnicities include the: Coast Salish peoples
Ethnographers commonly classify indigenous peoples of the Americas in the United States and Canada into ten geographical regions with shared cultural traits (called cultural areas). [133] The Canadian (in whole or in part) regions are Arctic , Subarctic , Northeast Woodlands , Plains , and Plateau .
Indigenous peoples in Canada is a collective name for the original inhabitants of the region of North America that is now Canada, and their descendants. There are three distinctive groups of North America indigenous peoples recognised in the Canadian Constitution Act, 1982, sections 25 and 35.
Canada has numerous Indian reserves, also known as First Nations reserves, for First Nations people, which were mostly established by the Indian Act of 1876 and have been variously expanded and reduced by royal commissions since. They are sometimes incorrectly called by the American term "reservations". [1] [2] [3] [4]
Indigenous peoples identify their ethnicity with their First Nations group, as Inuit, or as Métis. "Canadian" was the most common ethnic or cultural origin reported in the 2021 census, reported alone or in combination with other origins by 5.67 million people or 15.6% of the total population. [9]
Métis people in Canada are specific cultural communities who trace their descent to First Nations and European settlers, [40] primarily the French, in the early decades of the colonization of Canada. Métis peoples are recognized as one of Canada's Indigenous peoples under the Constitution Act of 1982, along with First Nations and Inuit.
In 1961, less than two percent of Canada's population (about 300,000 people) were members of visible minority groups. [12] The 2021 census indicated that 8.3 million people, or almost one-quarter (23.0 percent) of the population reported themselves as being or having been a landed immigrant or permanent resident in Canada—above the 1921 ...