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Arabic nouns and adjectives are declined according to case, state, gender and number. While this is strictly true in Classical Arabic, in colloquial or spoken Arabic, there are a number of simplifications such as loss of certain final vowels and loss of case. A number of derivational processes exist for forming new nouns and adjectives.
In Classical Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), nouns and adjectives ( اِسْمٌ ism) are declined, according to case (i‘rāb), state (definiteness), gender and number. In colloquial or spoken Arabic , there are a number of simplifications such as the loss of certain final vowels and the loss of case.
Nouns in dual have adjectives in plural. [20] The plural of adjectives is either regular ending in ـين (-īn) or is an irregular "broken" plural. It is used with nouns referring to people. For non-human / inanimate / abstract nouns, adjectives can use either the plural or the singular feminine form regardless of the noun's gender. [33] [20 ...
The terms noun and ism have been used synonymously in this section. Because nouns require the functions provided by al- (namely definiteness), al- is prefixed to them. Ism, as defined in classical Arabic grammar, includes all parts of speech save particles and verbs: nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, etc.
Adjective-Noun Compounds: Adjective-noun compounds involve the combination where an adjective modifies a noun. This construction can be found in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), as well as in other Arabic dialects. [8] In MSA, examples of such combinations like "خفيف+الظل" (xafiif + ðˤ-ðˤill) meaning "a funny person." [9]: 547 [10]
Definite nouns include all proper nouns, all nouns in "construct state" and all nouns which are prefixed by the definite article اَلْـ /al-/. Indefinite singular nouns, other than those that end in long ā, add a final /-n/ to the case-marking vowels, giving /-un/, /-an/ or /-in/, which is also referred to as nunation or tanwīn .
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Iḍāfah (إضافة) is the Arabic grammatical construct case, mostly used to indicate possession. Iḍāfah basically entails putting one noun after another: the second noun specifies more precisely the nature of the first noun. In forms of Arabic which mark grammatical case, this second noun must be in the genitive case. The construction is ...