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Composition of IQ Gains. The Flynn effect is the substantial and long-sustained increase in both fluid and crystallized intelligence test scores that were measured in many parts of the world over the 20th century, named after researcher James Flynn (1934–2020).
Evidence shows that education and intelligence have a complex interaction, and this is demonstrated in a longitudinal study by Richards and Sacker. [9] They collected data from the British 1946 birth cohort and investigated how childhood intelligence was predictive of other outcomes later in life including educational attainment and mental ability at 53 years old (using the National Adult ...
Arthur Jensen "How Much Can We Boost IQ and Achievement?" is a 1969 article by Arthur Jensen published in the Harvard Educational Review. [1] Controversy over the article led to the coining of the term Jensenism, [2] defined as the theory that IQ is largely determined by genes, including racial heritage. [3]
IQ and educational attainment are strongly correlated (estimates range form .40 to over .60. [11]) There is controversy, however, as to whether education affects intelligence – it may be both a dependent and independent variable with regard to IQ. [4] A study by Ceci illustrates the numerous ways in which education can affect intelligence.
[2] Rosenthal countered that "even if the initial test results were faulty, that didn’t invalidate the subsequent increase, as measured by the same test," [3] although with initial IQ scores in the mentally disabled range the observed change at the conclusion of the study is more likely to reflect regression-to-the-mean effects than the ...
For example, statistics from 1993 indicate that in the U.S., Black students represented 16.2% of public school students, but only constituted 8.4% of students enrolled in gifted education programs. Similarly, while Hispanic students represented 9% of public school students, these students only represented 4.7% of those identified as gifted. [ 55 ]
While education and childbearing place competing demands on a person's resources, education is positively correlated with IQ. [39] While there is less research into men's fertility and education, in developed countries evidence suggests that highly-educated men display higher levels of childbearing compared to less-educated men. [40] [41]
Higher IQ leads to greater success in education, [52] but independently, education raises IQ scores. [53] A 2017 meta-analysis suggests education increases IQ by 1–5 points per year of education, or at least increases IQ test-taking ability.